Tìm Min, Max của hàm số:
\(y=\sqrt{sinx}+\sqrt{cosx}\)
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a)\(y=\sqrt{3}sinx+cosx=2\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx+\dfrac{1}{2}cosx\right)\)\(=2\left(sinx.cos\dfrac{\pi}{6}+cosx.sin\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\)\(=2sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
Có \(-1\le sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\le1\) \(\Leftrightarrow-2\le2sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\le2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\le y\le2\)
miny=-2 \(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=-1\) \(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+2k\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
maxy=2\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
b) \(y=sin2x-cos2x=\sqrt{2}sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
Có \(\sqrt{2}\ge\sqrt{2}sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\ge-\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}\ge y\ge-\sqrt{2}\)
miny=\(-\sqrt{2}\) \(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{8}+k\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
maxy=\(\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow sin\left(2x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3\pi}{8}+k\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
c) \(y=3sinx+4cosx=5\left(\dfrac{3}{5}sinx+\dfrac{4}{5}cosx\right)\)
Đặt \(cosa=\dfrac{3}{5}\) và \(sina=\dfrac{4}{5}\)(vì cos2a+sin2a=1)
\(y=5\left(sinx.cosa+cosx.sina\right)\)\(=5sin\left(x+a\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow-5\le y\le5\)
miny=-5 <=> \(sin\left(x+a\right)=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}-arc.sina+k2\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
maxy=5 <=> \(sin\left(x+a\right)=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}-arc.sina+k2\pi\left(k\in Z\right)\)
(P/s1:cái x ở câu c ấy trông nó ngu ngu??
P/s2:sau khi load lại câu hỏi ở 1 tab khác ,thấy 1 câu trả lời nhưng vẫn đăng vì cảm thấy bỏ đi hơi phí :?)
Áp dụng quy tắc sau: Nếu \(a\sin x+b\cos y=c\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge c^2\)
a/ \(3+1\ge y^2\Leftrightarrow4\ge y^2\Leftrightarrow-2\le y\le2\)
\(y_{max}=2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}\sin x+\cos x=2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\sin x+\dfrac{1}{2}\cos x=1\Leftrightarrow\cos\dfrac{\pi}{6}.\sin x+\sin\dfrac{\pi}{6}.\cos x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=1\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\)
\(y_{min}=-2\Leftrightarrow\sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)=-1\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\pi+k2\pi\)
ĐKXĐ: (tất cả \(k\in Z\))
a. \(sinx-1\ge0\Leftrightarrow sinx\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sinx=1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)
b. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1-sinx}{1+sinx}\ge0\left(luôn-đúng\right)\\1+sinx\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow sinx\ne-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\ne-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\)
c. \(sinx\ne0\Leftrightarrow x\ne k\pi\)
\(\sqrt{3}sinx+cosx\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx+\dfrac{1}{2}cosx\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\ne k\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\ne-\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k\pi\)
Tham khảo: tìm GTLN - GTNN của hàm số : y=sinx cosx sinxcosx - Hoc24
Đặt
Xét hàm
Đặt \(sinx+cosx=\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=t\Rightarrow t\in\left[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(t^2=1+2sinx.cosx\Rightarrow sinx.cosx=\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=t+\dfrac{t^2-1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}t^2+t-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Xét hàm \(y=f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}t^2+t-\dfrac{1}{2}\) trên \(\left[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=-1\in\left[-\sqrt{2};\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(f\left(-\sqrt{2}\right)=\dfrac{1-2\sqrt{2}}{2}\) ; \(f\left(-1\right)=-1\) ; \(f\left(\sqrt{2}\right)=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=-1\) ; \(y_{max}=\dfrac{1+2\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
a: ĐKXĐ: \(cosx-1\ne0\)
=>\(cosx\ne1\)
=>\(x\ne k2\Omega\)
b: ĐKXĐ: sin x-1>=0
=>sin x>=1
mà \(-1< =sinx< =1\)
nên sin x=1
=>\(x=\dfrac{\Omega}{2}+k2\Omega\)
c:
-1<=sin x<=1
=>-1+1<=sin x+1<=1+1
=>0<=sin x+1<=2
ĐKXĐ: \(\dfrac{1+sinx}{1-cosx}>=0\)
mà \(1+sinx>=0\)(cmt)
nên \(1-cosx>0\)
=>\(cosx< 1\)
mà -1<=cosx<=1
nên \(cosx\ne1\)
=>\(x\ne k2\Omega\)
a/ \(y=2\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx-\frac{1}{2}cosx\right)+5=2sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)+5\)
Do \(-1\le sin\left(x-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\le1\Rightarrow3\le y\le7\)
b/ \(y=2cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)cos\left(-\frac{\pi}{6}\right)=\sqrt{3}cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\)
Do \(-1\le cos\left(x+\frac{\pi}{6}\right)\le1\Rightarrow-\sqrt{3}\le y\le\sqrt{3}\)
c/ \(y=2\left(\frac{1}{2}sinx+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}cosx\right)+12=2sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)+12\)
Do \(-1\le sin\left(x+\frac{\pi}{3}\right)\le1\Rightarrow10\le y\le14\)
ĐKXĐ: \(sinx+cosx>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow k2\pi< x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}< \pi+k2\pi\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi< x< \dfrac{3\pi}{4}+k2\pi\)
1.
Hàm số xác định khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1+x}{1-x}\ge0\\1-x\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-1\le x< 1\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow-1\le x< 1\)
2.
Hàm số xác định khi \(cosx+1\ne0\Leftrightarrow cosx\ne-1\Leftrightarrow x\ne-\pi+k2\pi\)
3.
Hàm số xác định khi \(cosx-cos3x\ne0\Leftrightarrow sin2x.sinx\ne0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\ne k\pi\\x\ne\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow m-cosx\ge0\) ; \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge max\left(cosx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\ge1\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow2sinx-m\ge0\) ; \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\le2sinx\) ; \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\le\min\limits_{x\in R}\left(2sinx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m\le-2\)
c.
\(\Leftrightarrow cosx+m\ne0\) ; \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>\max\limits_R\left(cosx\right)\\m< \min\limits_R\left(cosx\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>1\\m< -1\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: \(sinx;cosx\ge0\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le sinx\le1\\0\le cosx\le1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{sinx}\ge sin^2x\\\sqrt{cosx}\ge cos^2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{sinx}+\sqrt{cosx}\ge sin^2x+cos^2x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow y_{min}=1\) (khi \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\) hoặc \(k2\pi\))
Mặt khác áp dụng Bunhiacopxki:
\(y\le\sqrt{2\left(sinx+cosx\right)}\le\sqrt{2\sqrt{2\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)}}=\sqrt[4]{8}\)
\(y_{max}=\sqrt[4]{8}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\)