tính nồng độ mol của chất tan trong dung dịch tạo thành khi
a) hòa tan 0.2 mol NaCl vào 200ml dd NaCl 1M
b) trộn 300ml dd KCl 0.4M với 200ml dd KCl 2M
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a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)=3360\left(ml\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,2}=0,75\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có: \(m_{ddHCl}=1,25.200=250\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 8,4 + 250 - 0,15.2 = 258,1 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,15.127}{258,1}.100\%\approx7,38\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{258.1}.100\%\approx1,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.n_{NaCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CaCl_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[NaCl\right]=\dfrac{0,4.1}{0,2+0,2}=1\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ca^{2+}\right]=\left[CaCl_2\right]=\dfrac{0,1.1}{0,2+0,2}=0,25\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=1.1+0,25.2=1,5\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\\ n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{12}{120}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2}{342}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Mg^{2+}\right]=\left[MgSO_4\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2+0,3}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \left[Al^{3+}\right]=2.\left[Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right]=2.\dfrac{0,1}{0,2+0,3}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=0,2.1+0,2.3=0,8\left(M\right)\)
$n_{Na^+} = 0,2.2 + 0,1.2 = 0,6(mol)$
$n_{Cl^-} = 0,2.2 + 0,1.1,5 = 0,55(mol)$
$n_{NO_3^-} = 0,2.1 = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{OH^-} = 0,1.2 = 0,2(mol)$
$n_{K^+} = 0,2.1 + 0,1.1,5 = 0,35(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,2 + 0,1 = 0,3(lít)$
Suy ra:
$[Na^+] = \dfrac{0,6}{0,3} = 2M$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,55}{0,3}= 1,83M$
$[OH^-] = [NO_3^-] = \dfrac{0,2}{0,3} = 0,67M$
$[K^+] = \dfrac{0,35}{0,3} = 1,167M$
$m_{muối} = m_{NaCl} + m_{KNO_3} + m_{KCl} = 0,2.2.58,5 + 0,2.101 + 0,1.1,5.74,5$
$= 54,775(gam)$
a)
$K_2SO_4 + BaCl_2 \to BaSO_4 + 2KCl$
b)
$n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{K_2SO_4} : 1 > n_{BaCl_2} : 1$ nên $K_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,3.233 = 69,9(gam)$
c) $n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5(lít)$
$C_{M_{K_2SO_4} } = \dfrac{0,1}{0,5} = 0,2M$
$C_{M_{KCl}} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,5} = 1,2M$
\(a,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{15}{15+185}.100\%=7,5\%\\ b,m_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{18,9}{100}.100+\dfrac{6,3}{100}.200=31,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHNO_3}=100+200=300\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{HNO_3}=\dfrac{31,5}{300}.100\%=10,5\%\)
\(c,n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5,85}{58,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{M\left(NaCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1M\\ d,n_{KOH}=2.0,2+0,2.0,2=0,44\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddKOH}=0,2+0,2=0,4\left(l\right)\\ C_{M\left(KOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,44}{0,4}=1,1M\\ e,m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{150.16}{100}=24\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddNaOH}=50+150=200\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{24}{200}.100\%=12\%\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HNO_3}=n_{NaNO_3}=n_{NaOH}=1\left(mol\right)\)
a, \(C_{M_{HNO_3}}=\dfrac{1}{0,3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\left(M\right)\)
b, \(C_{M_{NaNO_3}}=\dfrac{1}{0,5+0,3}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\\ a,n_{HNO_3}=n_{NaOH}=1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddHNO_3}=\dfrac{1}{0,3}=\dfrac{10}{3}\left(M\right)\\ b,V_{ddsau}=0,5+0,3=0,8\left(l\right)\\ n_{NaNO_3}=n_{NaOH}=1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddNaNO_3}=\dfrac{1}{0,8}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
a/ta có n(1)NaCl=0,2mol. ADCT:n=CM*Vdd. n(2)NaCl=1*0,2=0,2mol
Tổng mol của Na(1)và Na(2):
0,2+0,2=0,4mol
Vdd=0,2:1=0,2
---->CM=0,4/0,2=2(M)
b/
300mlKCl 0,4 C-1,2
CM
200mKCl 1,2. 0,4-C
300/200=C-1,2/0,4-C
-->CM=0,72(M)