P=1/52+1/62+...+1/1002
chung minh rang 1/6<P<1/4
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Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{5^2}>\dfrac{1}{5.6};\dfrac{1}{6^2}>\dfrac{1}{6.7};...;\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{100.101}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{5.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{100.101}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}-\dfrac{1}{101}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{101}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}>\dfrac{96}{505}>\dfrac{1}{6}\) (1)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{5^2}< \dfrac{1}{4.5};\dfrac{1}{6^2}< \dfrac{1}{5.6};\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{100^2}< \dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{100}< \dfrac{1}{4}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)⇒\(\dfrac{1}{6}< B< \dfrac{1}{4}\)
S=1/5+(1/13+1/14+1/15)+(1/61+1/62+1/63)
(*)Ta có:
1/13<1/12
1/14<1/12
1/15<1/12
=>1/13+1/14+1/15<1/12
(*)Ta lại có:
1/61<1/60
1/62<1/60
1/63<1/60
=>1/61+1/62+1/63<1/60
=>S<1/5+1/12.3+1/60.3
S<1/5+1/4+1/20
S<1/2
S=1/5+(1/13+1/14+1/15)+(1/61+1/62+1/63)
(*)Ta có:
1/13<1/12
1/14<1/12
1/15<1/12
=>1/13+1/14+1/15<1/12
(*)Ta lại có:
1/61<1/60
1/62<1/60
1/63<1/60
=>1/61+1/62+1/63<1/60
=>S<1/5+1/12.3+1/60.3
S<1/5+1/4+1/20
S<1/2
Với mọi k, n Є N+, n ≥ 2 có 1 / (k + 1) + 1 / (k + 2) + ... + 1 / (k + n) < n / (k + 1)
=>
1 = 1
1 / 2 + 1 / 3 < 2 / 2 = 1
1 / 4 + 1 / 5 + 1 / 6 + 1 / 7 < 4 / 4 = 1
1 / 8 + ... + 15 < 8 / 8 = 1
1 / 16 + ... + 1 / 31 < 16 / 16 = 1
1 / 32 + ... + 1 / 63 < 32 / 32 = 1
Cộng vế theo vế có 1 + 1 / 2 + ... + 1 / 63 < 6
1+1/2+1/3+1/4+...+1/63=1+(1/2+1/3)+(1/4+1/5+1/6+1/7)+(1/8+1/9+...+1/15)+(1/16+1/17+..,+1/31)+(1/32+1/33+...+1/63)
<1+(1/2+1/2)+(1/4+1/4+1/4+1/4)+(1/8+1/8+...+1/8)+(1/16+1/16+...+1/16)+(1/32+1/32+...+1/32)
<1+1+1+1+1+1=6
Ta có
\(P< \frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{5.6}+......+\frac{1}{99.100}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+.....+\frac{1}{99}-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{100}< \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P< \frac{1}{4}\left(1\right)\)
\(p>\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6.7}+....+\frac{1}{100.101}\)
\(P>\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{7}+...+\frac{1}{100}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(P>\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{25}-\frac{1}{101}\)
Ta thấy
\(\frac{1}{25}>\frac{1}{101}\Rightarrow\frac{1}{25}-\frac{1}{101}>0\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{25}-\frac{1}{101}\)
\(\Rightarrow P>\frac{1}{6}+M>\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow P>\frac{1}{6}\left(2\right)\)
Tự (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{6}< p< \frac{1}{4}\)