bài tập:
cho B=\(\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^3+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^4+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2014}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2015}\) . chứng minh rằng: B<1
giúp mình với nha........
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\(B=\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+...+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2015}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\)
\(2B=2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
\(2B=1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\)
\(2B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2014}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}\right)\)
\(B=1-\frac{1}{2^{2015}}< 1\). Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh
\(a)\) Đặt \(A=\frac{2013}{2014}+\frac{2014}{2015}+\frac{2015}{2013}\) ta có :
\(A=\frac{2014-1}{2014}+\frac{2015-1}{2015}+\frac{2013+2}{2013}\)
\(A=\frac{2014}{2014}-\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{2015}{2015}-\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{2013}{2013}+\frac{2}{2013}\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2014}+1-\frac{1}{2015}+1+\frac{2}{2013}\)
\(A=\left(1+1+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{2}{2013}\right)\)
\(A=3-\left[\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2015}-\left(\frac{1}{2013}+\frac{1}{2013}\right)\right]\)
\(A=3-\left[\frac{1}{2014}+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2013}-\frac{1}{2013}\right]\)
\(A=3-\left[\left(\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)\right]\)
Mà :
\(\frac{1}{2014}< \frac{1}{2013}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2013}< 0\)
\(\frac{1}{2015}< \frac{1}{2013}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2013}< 0\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra : \(\left(\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)< 0\) ( cộng theo vế )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(-\left[\left(\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)\right]>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A=3-\left[\left(\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2013}\right)\right]>3\) ( cộng hai vế cho 3 )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(A>3\) ( điều phải chứng minh )
Vậy \(A>3\)
Chúc đệ học tốt ~
c,
\(C=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot\frac{5}{6}\cdot...\cdot\frac{9999}{10000}\)
vì \(\frac{1}{2}< \frac{2}{3}\)
\(\frac{3}{4}< \frac{4}{5}\)
\(\frac{5}{6}< \frac{6}{7}\)
.............................
\(\frac{9999}{10000}< \frac{10000}{10001}\)
nên \(C^2< \frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot...\cdot\frac{10000}{10001}\)
\(\Rightarrow C^2< \frac{1}{10001}< \frac{1}{10000}\)
\(\Rightarrow C< \frac{1}{100}\)
bt lm mỗi một câu :v
,mình sửa lại đề:
\(\frac{2013}{2014}+\frac{2014}{2015}+\frac{2015}{2013}< 3\)
xóa các chữ số ở tử và mẫu: 2014 và 2014,2015 và 2015
=\(\frac{2013}{2013}\)
=\(1\)
vì \(1>3\) nên \(\frac{2013}{2014}+\frac{2014}{2015}+\frac{2015}{2013}>3\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right).....\left(1-\frac{1}{102}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.....\frac{101}{102}=\frac{1}{102}\)
\(B=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2016}}{\frac{2015}{1}+\frac{2014}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2015}}=\frac{C}{D}\)
Ta có: \(D=\frac{2015}{1}+\frac{2014}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\)(có 2015 số hạng)
\(D=\left(\frac{2015}{1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2015}+1\right)-2015\)
\(D=2016+\frac{2016}{2}+\frac{2016}{3}+...+\frac{2016}{2015}-2015\)
\(D=\frac{2016}{2}+\frac{2016}{3}+...+\frac{2016}{2015}+1=\frac{2016}{2}+\frac{2016}{3}+...+\frac{2016}{2015}+\frac{2016}{2016}\)
\(D=2016\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2016}\right)=2016C\)
Vậy \(B=\frac{C}{D}=\frac{C}{2016C}=\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)\cdot....\cdot\left(1-\frac{1}{102}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2}{3}\cdot\frac{3}{4}\cdot...\cdot\frac{101}{102}=\frac{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot....\cdot101}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot....\cdot102}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{102}\)
\(B=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}}{\frac{2015}{1}+\frac{2014}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2015}}\)
\(B=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}}{\left(\frac{2015}{1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2015}+1\right)+1}\)
\(B=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}}{\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2016}{2}+...+\frac{2016}{2015}+\frac{2016}{2016}}\)
\(B=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}}{2016\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\right)}=\frac{1}{2016}\)
Ta có
\(A=\frac{\left(1^2-2^2\right)\left(1^2-3^2\right).....\left(1^2-2014^2\right)}{\left(2.3.4.....2014\right)\left(2.3....2014\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(-1\right)3\left(-2\right)4.....\left(-2013\right)2015}{\left(2.3.4.....2014\right)\left(2.3....2014\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left[\left(-1\right)\left(-2\right)...\left(-2013\right)\right]\left(3.4.5...2015\right)}{\left(2.3.4.....2014\right)\left(2.3....2014\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\frac{\left(-1\right)2015}{2014.2}=-\frac{2015}{4028}< -\frac{2014}{4028}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
=> A<-1/2
Xét \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}-\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=a-b\)
Tương tự, ta được: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}-\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}=b-c\); \(\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}-\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}=c-a\)
Cộng theo vế của 3 đẳng thức trên, ta được: \(\left(\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)\)\(-\left(\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)\(=\frac{b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{c^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{a^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
Ta đi chứng minh BĐT phụ sau: \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)(*)
Thật vậy: (*)\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)*đúng*
\(\Rightarrow2LHS=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}\)\(\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\text{ }\frac{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}{a^2+ab+b^2}=\frac{1}{3}\text{}\Sigma_{cyc}\left[\left(a+b\right)\right]=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\ge\frac{a+b+c}{3}=RHS\)(Q.E.D)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c
P/S: Có thể dùng BĐT phụ ở câu 3a để chứng minhxD:
1) ta chứng minh được \(\Sigma\frac{a^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}=\Sigma\frac{b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{2}\Sigma\frac{a^4+b^4}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{4}\Sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{8}\Sigma\left(a+b\right)=\frac{a+b+c+d}{4}\)
bài 2 xem có ghi nhầm ko
Ta có :
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right).....\left(1-\frac{1}{2016}\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}.....\frac{2015}{2016}\)
\(A=\frac{2.3.4.....2015}{2.3.4.....2015}.\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{2016}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{1}{2016}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)..\left(1-\frac{1}{2016}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{3}.\frac{3}{4}...\frac{2015}{2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1.2.3..2015}{2.3.4..2016}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{2016}\)