Chứng minh phương trình :
a) \(x^2-3x-7=0\) luôn có nghiệm
b) \(\cos2x=2\sin x-2\) có ít nhất hai nghiệm trong khoảng \(\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{6};\pi\right)\)
c) \(\sqrt{x^3+6x+1}-2=0\) có nghiệm dương
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1.
\(cos2x-3cosx+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2x-3cosx+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=1\\cosx=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x=k2\pi\in\left[\dfrac{\pi}{4};\dfrac{7\pi}{4}\right]\Rightarrow\) không có nghiệm x thuộc đoạn
\(x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\in\left[\dfrac{\pi}{4};\dfrac{7\pi}{4}\right]\Rightarrow x_1=\dfrac{\pi}{3};x_2=\dfrac{5\pi}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x_1.x_2=\dfrac{5\pi^2}{9}\)
2.
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(cos3x-m+2\right)\left(2cos3x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}cos3x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\\cos3x=m-2\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{9}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\)
Ta có: \(x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{9}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\in\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{6};\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\Rightarrow x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{9}\)
Yêu cầu bài toán thỏa mãn khi \(\left(2\right)\) có nghiệm duy nhất thuộc \(\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{6};\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m-2=0\\m-2=1\\m-2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=2\\m=3\\m=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(m=2\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow cos3x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\in\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{6};\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{6}\left(tm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=2\) thỏa mãn yêu cầu bài toán
TH2: \(m=3\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow cos3x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\in\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{6};\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\Rightarrow x=0\left(tm\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m=3\) thỏa mãn yêu cầu bài toán
TH3: \(m=1\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow cos3x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\dfrac{k2\pi}{3}\in\left(-\dfrac{\pi}{6};\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=-1\\x=-\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m=2\) không thỏa mãn yêu cầu bài toán
Vậy \(m=2;m=3\)
1, \(\left(sinx+\dfrac{sin3x+cos3x}{1+2sin2x}\right)=\dfrac{3+cos2x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{sinx+2sinx.sin2x+sin3x+cos3x}{1+2sin2x}=\dfrac{3+cos2x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{sinx+2sinx.sin2x+sin3x+cos3x}{1+2sin2x}=\dfrac{3+cos2x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{sinx+cosx-cos3x+sin3x+cos3x}{1+2sin2x}=\dfrac{3+cos2x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{sinx+cosx+sin3x}{1+2sin2x}=\dfrac{3+cos2x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{2sin2x.cosx+cosx}{1+2sin2x}=\dfrac{3+cos2x}{5}\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{cosx\left(2sin2x+1\right)}{1+2sin2x}=\dfrac{2+2cos^2x}{5}\)
⇒ cosx = \(\dfrac{2+2cos^2x}{5}\)
⇔ 2cos2x - 5cosx + 2 = 0
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}cosx=2\\cosx=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(x=\pm\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k.2\pi\) , k là số nguyên
2, \(48-\dfrac{1}{cos^4x}-\dfrac{2}{sin^2x}.\left(1+cot2x.cotx\right)=0\)
⇔ \(48-\dfrac{1}{cos^4x}-\dfrac{2}{sin^2x}.\dfrac{cos2x.cosx+sin2x.sinx}{sin2x.sinx}=0\)
⇔ \(48-\dfrac{1}{cos^4x}-\dfrac{2}{sin^2x}.\dfrac{cosx}{sin2x.sinx}=0\)
⇔ \(48-\dfrac{1}{cos^4x}-\dfrac{2cosx}{2cosx.sin^4x}=0\)
⇒ \(48-\dfrac{1}{cos^4x}-\dfrac{1}{sin^4x}=0\). ĐKXĐ : sin2x ≠ 0
⇔ \(\dfrac{1}{cos^4x}+\dfrac{1}{sin^4x}=48\)
⇒ sin4x + cos4x = 48.sin4x . cos4x
⇔ (sin2x + cos2x)2 - 2sin2x. cos2x = 3 . (2sinx.cosx)4
⇔ 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) . (2sinx . cosx)2 = 3(2sinx.cosx)4
⇔ 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2}sin^22x\) = 3sin42x
⇔ \(sin^22x=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ)
⇔ 1 - 2sin22x = 0
⇔ cos4x = 0
⇔ \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{8}+\dfrac{k\pi}{4}\)
3, \(sin^4x+cos^4x+sin\left(3x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right).cos\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^2-2sin^2x.cos^2x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin\left(4x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(1-\dfrac{1}{2}sin^22x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x-\dfrac{1}{2}cos4x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x-\dfrac{1}{2}cos4x-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2}sin^22x=0\)
⇔ sin2x - sin22x - (1 + cos4x) = 0
⇔ sin2x - sin22x - 2cos22x = 0
⇔ sin2x - 2 (cos22x + sin22x) + sin22x = 0
⇔ sin22x + sin2x - 2 = 0
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin2x=1\\sin2x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ sin2x = 1
⇔ \(2x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k.2\pi\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\pi\)
4, cos5x + cos2x + 2sin3x . sin2x = 0
⇔ cos5x + cos2x + cosx - cos5x = 0
⇔ cos2x + cosx = 0
⇔ \(2cos\dfrac{3x}{2}.cos\dfrac{x}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(cos\dfrac{3x}{2}=0\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{3x}{2}=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)
⇔ x = \(\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k.\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\)
Do x ∈ [0 ; 2π] nên ta có \(0\le\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\le2\pi\)
⇔ \(-\dfrac{1}{2}\le k\le\dfrac{5}{2}\). Do k là số nguyên nên k ∈ {0 ; 1 ; 2}
Vậy các nghiệm thỏa mãn là các phần tử của tập hợp
\(S=\left\{\dfrac{\pi}{3};\pi;\dfrac{5\pi}{3}\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(sin^2x+cos^2x\right)^2-2sin^2x.cos^2x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin\left(4x-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{2}sin^22x-\dfrac{1}{2}cos4x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1-cos4x}{2}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}cos4x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x-\dfrac{3}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}cos4x+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-2sin^22x\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}sin2x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right)+sinx.cosx\left(sinx+cosx\right)=m\left(sinx+cosx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2cosx-2sinx\right)\left(sinx+cosx\right)+sinx.cosx\left(sinx+cosx\right)=m\left(sinx+cosx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sinx+cosx=0\left(\text{vô nghiệm trên đoạn xét}\right)\\2cosx-2sinx+sinx.cosx=m\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1), đặt \(t=cosx-sinx=\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t\in\left[-1;1\right]\\sinx.cosx=\dfrac{1-t^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow2t+\dfrac{1-t^2}{2}=m\)
Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}t^2+2t+\dfrac{1}{2}\) trên \(\left[-1;1\right]\)
\(-\dfrac{b}{2a}=2\notin\left[-1;1\right]\) ; \(f\left(-1\right)=-2\) ; \(f\left(1\right)=2\)
\(\Rightarrow-2\le f\left(t\right)\le2\Rightarrow-2\le m\le2\)
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