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Đặt \(A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{9}{9x}+\dfrac{9}{9y}+\dfrac{9}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{1}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{1}{9z}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{8}{9x}+\dfrac{8}{9y}+\dfrac{8}{9z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{9x}\right)+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{9y}\right)+\left(z+\dfrac{1}{9z}\right)+\dfrac{8}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1^2}{x}+\dfrac{1^2}{y}+\dfrac{1^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{9x}}+2\sqrt{y.\dfrac{1}{9y}}+2\sqrt{z.\dfrac{1}{9z}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{9}}+\dfrac{8}{9}.\dfrac{3^2}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2.\dfrac{1}{3}.3+8=2+8=10\)
Vậy ta có BĐT cần chứng minh.
Dấu\("="\) xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
do x+y+z=1 nên 1/x+1/y+1/z sẽ bằng \(\frac{x+y+z}{x}+\frac{x+y+z}{y}+\frac{x+y+z}{z}=1+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+1+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{z}+1\)
\(=3+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\)
Ta có
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}\ge2\)
\(\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}\ge2\)
\(\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge2\)
Cộng vế theo vế của 3 bất đẳng thức trên ta được
\(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge6\)
Cộng 3 vào 2 vế bất đẳng thức
\(\Rightarrow3+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}\ge9\)
Mà \(3+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{z}{x}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge9\)
Xong !!!!
T I C K nha cảm ơn nhìu
CHÚC BẠN HỌC TỐT
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có ngay :
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}=9\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1/3
Sửa đề: \(\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+1}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+1}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{y+1}{y+1}-\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{z+1}{z+1}-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=1-\dfrac{1}{x+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{y+1}+1-\dfrac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{x+y+z+3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\) ( vì \(x+y+z=1\) )
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3-\dfrac{9}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x+1=y+1=z+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Vậy \(Max_P=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\left(\frac{x}{y};\frac{y}{z};\frac{z}{x}\right)\rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)\) thì abc = 1. BĐT
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge a+b+c\). Mà \(VT=a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\).
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\ge a+b+c\).Hay:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2-3\left(a+b+c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(t\right)=t^2-3t\ge0\) với \(t=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\). Điều này hiển nhiên đúng do
\(f\left(t\right)=t^2-3t=t\left(t-3\right)\ge t\left(3-3\right)=0\) với mọi t > 3
Ta có đpcm. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1 hay x = y = z
P/s: Sai thì chịu
ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}=0\)
=> x + y + z = 0
Lai co: x3 + y3 +z3 - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x2+y2+z2 - xy - yz - zx)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
ta co: \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}.\)
=> 1/xy + 1/yz + 1/xz = 0
=> x + y + z = 0
Lai co: x3 + y3 +z3 - 3xyz = (x+y+z).(x2+y2+z2 - xy - yz - zx)
x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 3 số dương, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}.\frac{x}{2}.\frac{x+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}.\frac{y}{2}.\frac{y+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}.\frac{z}{2}.\frac{z+1}{4}}=3.\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x\left(x+1\right)}+\frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+1}{4}\)\(+\frac{1}{y\left(y+1\right)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{y+1}{4}\)
\(+\frac{1}{z\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{z}{2}+\frac{z+1}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.3=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z+3}{4}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}+\frac{3}{2}+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{x^2+x}+\frac{1}{y^2+y}+\frac{1}{z^2+z}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức:
\(VT=\frac{2}{x+y}+\frac{2}{y+z}+\frac{2}{z+x}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}.3\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\)
Dấu "=" khi x = y = z > 0
cũng là Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel nhưng làm khác idol :))
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có :
\(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+y+z+z+x}=\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\)
=> \(2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{9}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}\cdot2=\frac{9}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x=y=z