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MgCl2+2AgNO3->Mg(NO3)2+2AgCl
0,04-----0,08-----------0,04----------0,08
n MgCl2=0,1 mol
n AgNO3=0,08 mol
=>Mgcl2 dư
=>m AgCl=0,08.143,5=11,48g
=>CMMg(NO)2=\(\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}\)=0,2M
=>CMMgcl2 dư=\(\dfrac{0,06}{0,2}\)=0,3M
\(n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot1=0,1mol\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,1\cdot0,8=0,08mol\)
\(MgCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow+Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2\)
0,1 0,08 0 0
0,04 0,08 0,08 0,04
0,06 0 0,08 0,04
\(m_{\downarrow}=0,08\cdot143,5=11,48g\)
\(C_{M_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{n_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}}{V_X}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}=0,2M\)
\(n_{NaOH}=1.0,4=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_3}=1.0,1=0,1(mol)\\ a,PTHH:3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \text {Vì }\dfrac{n_{NaOH}}{3}>\dfrac{n_{FeCl_3}}{1} \text {nên }NaOH\text { dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe(OH)_3}=107.0,1=10,7(g)\\ b,n_{NaCl}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,4+0,1}=0,6M\)
a, \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_{4\downarrow}\)
b, \(m_{BaCl_2}=200.2,08\%=4,16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{4,16}{208}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=300.9,8\%=29,4\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,02}{1}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\), ta được H2SO4 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{BaSO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,02=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = m dd BaCl2 + m dd H2SO4 - mBaSO4 = 200 + 300 - 0,02.233 = 495,34 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,04.36,5}{495,34}.100\%\approx0,295\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,28.98}{495,34}.100\%\approx5,54\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{8}{160}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe(NO3)3 + 3KOH --> Fe(OH)3\(\downarrow\) + 3KNO3
________0,1<-------------------0,1
2Fe(OH)3 --to--> Fe2O3 + 3H2O
_0,1<-------------0,05
=> nFe(NO3)3 = 0,1(mol)
=> \(C_M=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
PTHH: \(Na_2SO_4+CaCl_2\rightarrow2NaCl+CaSO_4\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{CaCl_2}=0,1\cdot0,4=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Na2SO4 dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaSO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaCl}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaSO_4}=0,04\cdot136=5,44\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,1+0,1}=0,4\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Na_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Gọi \(m_{NaCl\left(thêm\right)}=a\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaCl\left(bđ\right)}=5\%.100=5\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{5+a}{100+a}.100\%=5,5\%\\ \Leftrightarrow a=0,53\left(g\right)\)
b, \(m_{NaCl}=58,5.5,5\%=3,2175\left(g\right)\\ n_{NaCl}=\dfrac{3,2175}{58,5}=0,055\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaCl + AgNO3 ---> AgCl↓ + NaNO3
0,055-->0,055------>0,055---->0,055
\(m_{AgCl}=0,055.143,5=7,8925\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddY}=58,5+200-7,8925=250,6075\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaNO_3}=\dfrac{0,055.85}{250,6075}.100\%=1,87\%\)
\(n_{AgNO_3}=0,25\cdot0,2=0,05\left(mol\right);n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\cdot0,3=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:2AgNO_3+MgCl_2\rightarrow2AgCl\downarrow+Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2\\ \text{Vì }\dfrac{n_{AgNO_3}}{2}< \dfrac{n_{MgCl_2}}{1}\text{ nên sau phản ứng }MgCl_2\text{ dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{AgCl}=n_{AgNO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow a=m_{AgCl}=0,05\cdot143,5=7,175\left(g\right)\\ 2,n_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{AgNO_3}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Mg\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,025}{0,2+0,3}=0,05M\)
Đáp án:
CÂU 3:
1)1) PTHH: 2AgNO3+MgCl2→2AgCl↓+Mg(NO3)22AgNO3+MgCl2→2AgCl↓+Mg(NO3)2
nAgNO3=0,2×0,25=0,05(mol)nAgNO3=0,2×0,25=0,05(mol)
nMgCl2=0,3×0,1=0,03(mol)nMgCl2=0,3×0,1=0,03(mol)
Xét nAgNO32nAgNO32 và nMgCl21nMgCl21
→ AgNO3AgNO3 hết, MgCl2MgCl2 dư.
Tính theo số mol AgNO3AgNO3
→ nMgCl2(dư)=0,03−12×0,05=5.10−3(mol)nMgCl2(dư)=0,03−12×0,05=5.10−3(mol)
→ nAgCl=0,05(mol)nAgCl=0,05(mol)
→ nMg(NO3)2=12×0,05=0,025(mol)nMg(NO3)2=12×0,05=0,025(mol)
⇒ a=mAgCl=0,05×143,5=7,175(g)a=mAgCl=0,05×143,5=7,175(g)
b)b) - Dung dịch aa gồm: MgCl2MgCl2 dư và Mg(NO3)2Mg(NO3)2
Xem như thể tích dung dịch sau phản ứng thay đổi không đáng kể.
→ Vdd=0,2+0,3=0,5(l)Vdd=0,2+0,3=0,5(l)
⇒ C(M)MgCl2(dư)=5.10−30,5=0,01(M)C(M)MgCl2(dư)=5.10−30,5=0,01(M)
⇒ C(M)Mg(NO3)2=0,0250,5=0,05(M)