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Bài này dùng Cô si ngược dấu:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si:\(\frac{1}{x^2+1}=1-\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\ge1-\frac{x^2}{2x}=1-\frac{x}{2}\)
Tương tự với ba BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế ta được:\(VT\ge4-\frac{x+y+z+t}{2}=2\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra tại a = b = c = 1
Vậy min A = 2 khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 1
tth ngược dấu nhé
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}+\frac{1}{t^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-A+4=\left(1-\frac{1}{x^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{y^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{z^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{t^2+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-A+4\ge1-\frac{x}{2}+1-\frac{y}{2}+1-\frac{z}{2}+1-\frac{t}{2}=4-\frac{x+y+z+t}{2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-A+4\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(A\le2\)
2. Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{a+b}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\) :
\(B=\frac{x}{x+x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+y+z}+\frac{z}{x+y+z+z}\) \(=x\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(x+z\right)}+y\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)}+z\cdot\frac{1}{\left(x+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{4}\cdot x\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x+z}\right)+\frac{1}{4}y\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)+\frac{1}{4}z\left(\frac{1}{x+z}+\frac{1}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{z}{y+z}+\frac{x}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Tham khảo link này nha
https://olm.vn/hoi-dap/detail/243232541423.htm
Từ hàng 2 rút gọn xuống hàng 3 OK rồi đúng ko?
Sử dụng BĐT: \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge-\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge-\frac{1}{6}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(S=x-\frac{xy^2}{1+y^2}+y-\frac{yz^2}{1+z^2}+z-\frac{zx^2}{1+x^2}\)
\(S\ge x+y+z-\frac{xy^2}{2y}-\frac{yz^2}{2z}-\frac{zx^2}{2x}\)
\(S\ge3-\frac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge3-\frac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(S_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Câu 1:
\(y^2+yz+z^2=1-\frac{3x^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+2yz+2z^2=2-3x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+y^2+z^2+3x^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+x^2+2x\left(y+z\right)+y^2+z^2+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=2-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=2-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\right]\le2\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le A\le\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{-\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Câu 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Câu 3:
\(P=\frac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\) ( \(a\ge3;b\ge4;c\ge2\) )
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2\cdot\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2+c-2}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3+a-3}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4+b-4}{b}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=8\\c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 4:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(M=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+1\)
\(M=a^2-a\left(2b+2\right)+3b^2+1\)
\(\Delta=\left(2b+2\right)^2-4\left(3b^2+1\right)\)
\(=-8b^2+8b\)
\(=-8b\left(b+1\right)\ge0\)
Vì \(b\ge0\) nên \(-8b\left(b+1\right)\le0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=0\)
Khi đó \(M=a^2-2a+1=\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\frac{x+1}{y^2+1}=\left(x+1\right).\frac{1}{y^2+1}=\left(x+1\right)\left(1-\frac{y^2}{y^2+1}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(x+1\right)\left(1-\frac{y^2}{2y}\right)=x+1-\frac{y\left(x+1\right)}{2}\)
Thiết lập hai BĐT còn lại tương tự và cộng theo vế:
\(P\ge\left(x+y+z+3\right)-\frac{x\left(z+1\right)+y\left(x+1\right)+z\left(y+1\right)}{2}\)
\(=6-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\) (*)
Lại có BĐT \(ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}\)
Thật vậy,ta có: BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\ge3ab+3bc+3ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Thay vào (*),ta có: \(P\ge6-\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}\)
\(\ge6-\frac{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+3}{2}=6-\frac{3+3}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Vậy \(P_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có \(x+y+z+t\ge4\sqrt[4]{xyzt}\Rightarrow xyzt\le1\)
Áp dụng BĐT: \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}+1}\)
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}+\frac{1}{t^2+1}\ge\frac{2}{xy+1}+\frac{2}{zt+1}=2\left(\frac{1}{xy+1}+\frac{1}{zt+1}\right)\)
\(A\ge2.\left(\frac{2}{\sqrt{xyzt}+1}\right)\ge\frac{2.2}{1+1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{max}=2\) khi \(x=y=z=t=1\)
Dòng 3 sang 4 bạn vẫn áp dụng BĐT \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{ab}+1}\) với \(a=xy;b=zt\)
Sau đó do \(xyzt\le1\Rightarrow\sqrt{xyzt}+1\le1+1=2\Rightarrow2.\frac{2}{\sqrt{xyzt}+1}\ge\frac{2.2}{2}\)