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Gọi \(M\left(x;0\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-x;1\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-x;3\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2-x;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2x+4;5\right)\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(-2x+4\right)^2+5}\ge\sqrt{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(-2x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\Rightarrow M\left(2;0\right)\)
\(\text{a) }\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right)^2=\left(3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right)^2-\left(3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}-3\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}+3\overrightarrow{MB}-2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left[2\left(\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)+6\overrightarrow{MB}\right]=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}=0\\\overrightarrow{CA}+3\overrightarrow{MB}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=-\overrightarrow{MC}\\\overrightarrow{CA}=-3\overrightarrow{MB}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}M;A;C\text{ thẳng hàng };M\text{ nằm giữa }A;C\\MA=MC\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CA//MB\\CA=3MB\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}M\text{ là trung điểm }AC\\CA//MB;CA=3MB\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy......
\(b\text{) }\left|4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\\ \Rightarrow\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2=\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2-\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}-2\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\left(4\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(2\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{MC}\right)\cdot6\overrightarrow{MA}=0\\ \Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=0\\\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}M\equiv A\\M\text{ là trọng tâm }\Delta ABC\end{matrix}\right.\)Vậy...........
d, Lấy P, Q sao cho \(4\overrightarrow{PA}-\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{PC}=\overrightarrow{0};2\overrightarrow{QA}-\overrightarrow{QB}-\overrightarrow{QC}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Ta có \(\left|4\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|4\text{ }\overrightarrow{MP}+4\overrightarrow{PA}-\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{PC}\right|=\left|4\overrightarrow{MP}\right|=4MP\)
\(\left|2\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\text{ }\left|2\overrightarrow{QA}-\overrightarrow{QB}-\overrightarrow{QC}\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow4MP=0\Rightarrow M\equiv P\)
Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác, I là trung điểm BC, N là trung điểm của AC
a, Ta có \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}\right|=3MG\)
\(\frac{3}{2}\left|\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\frac{3}{2}\left|2\overrightarrow{MI}\right|=3MI\)
\(\Rightarrow MG=MI\Rightarrow M\) thuộc đường trung trực của BC
b, \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=2MN\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BA}\right|=BA\)
\(\Rightarrow2MN=BA\Rightarrow M\in\left(N;\frac{BA}{2}\right)\)
Gọi \(I\left(x_0;y_0\right)\) là điểm thỏa mãn \(\overrightarrow{IA}+\text{}\overrightarrow{IB}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-x_0+2-x_0=0\\3-y_0+7-y_0=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x_0=3\\2y_0=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_0=\frac{3}{2}\\y_0=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I\left(\frac{3}{2};5\right)\)
Khi đó \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{IB}\right|=\left|2\overrightarrow{MI}+\overrightarrow{0}\right|=2MI\)
Lại có \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{CA}\right|=CA=\sqrt{\left(-1-2\right)^2+\left(3-7\right)^2}=5\)
Nên \(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2MI=5\Rightarrow MI=\frac{5}{2}\)
Vậy \(M\in\left(I;\frac{5}{2}\right)\)