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Bài toán 1 : Tìm x nguyên biết.
a. 3 ≤ x – 2 < 5
=>3-2 < x-2 < 5-2
=>1 < x < 3
=>x=1
Vậy x=1
b. 0 ≤ x – 5 ≤ 2
=>0-5 < x-5 < 2-5
=>-5 < x < -3
=>x=-4
Vậy x=-4
Bài toán 2 : Tính hợp lý.
a. 4567 + (1234 – 4567) -4
=4567+1234-4567-4
=(4567-4567)+(1234-4)
=0+1230
=1230
b. 2001 – (53 + 1579) – (-53)
=2001-53-1579+53
=(2001-1579)+(-53+53)
=422+0
=422
c. 35 – 17 + 2017 – 35 + (-2017)
=(35-35)+[2017+(-2017)]-17-35
=0+0-17-35
=0-17-35
=-52
d. 37 + (-17) – 37 + 77
=(37-37)+[-17+77]
=0+60
=60
e. –(-219) + (-219) – 401 + 12
=0-401+12
=-389
f. |-85| – (-3).15
=85+3.15
=85+45
=130
g. 11.107 + 11.18 – 25.11
=11.(107+18-25)
=11.100
=1100
h. 115 – (-85) + 53 – (-500 + 53)
=115+85+53+500-53
=(53-53)+(115+85+500)
=0+700
=700
k. (-18) + (-31) + 98 + |-18| + (-69)
=-18-31+98+18-69
=(-18+18)+(-31-69)+98
=0+(-100)+98
=-100+98
=-2
Bài toán 4 : Tìm x, biêt.
a. 5x – 16 = 40 + x
5x - x = 40 + 16
4x = 56
x = 56 : 4
x=14
b. 4x – 10 = 15 – x
4x + x = 15 + 10
5x = 25
x = 25 : 5
x = 5
c. -12 + x = 5x – 20
-12 + 20 = 5x - x
8 = 4x
x = 8 : 4
x = 2
d. 7x – 4 = 20 + 3x
7x - 3x = 20 + 4
4x=24
x=24:4
x=6
e. 5x – 7 = – 21 – 2x
5x + 2x = -21+7
7x = -14
x = -14 : 7
x = -2
f. x + 15 = 7 – 6x
x + 6x = 7 - 15
7x = -8
x = -8/7
g. 17 – x = 7 – 6x
17 - 7 = -6x + x
10 = -7x
x=10/-7
h. 3x + (-21) = 12 – 8x
3x + 8x = 12 + 21
11x = 33
x = 33:11
x=3
k. 125 : (3x – 13) = 25
3x-13=125:25
3x-13=5
3x=5+13
3x=18
x=18:3
x=6
l. 541 + (218 – x) = 735
218-x=735-541
218-x=693
x=218-693
x=-475
1. Thực hiện phép tính bằng cách hợp lí :
a) (-46) + (-125) + 46 + 25 = [(-46)+46] + [(-125)+25]
= 0+(-100) = -100
b) 25.(-15) + 25.(-5) + (-20).75 = 25.[(-15)+(-5)] + (-20).75
= 25.(-20) + (-20).75 = (-20).(25+75) = (-20).100 = -2000
c) (-151)+(-37)+(-42)+(-63)+142 =(-151)+[(-37)+(-63)]+[(-42)+142]
= (-151) + [(-100) + 100] = -151
d)32+(-149)+(-311)+(-89)+(-51) = 32+[(-149)+(-51)] + [(-311)+(-89)]
= 32+[(-200)+(-400)] = 32+(-600) = -568
e)-65.(87-17)-87.(17-65) = (-65).87 - (-65).17 - 87.17 + 87.65
= (-65).87 + 65.17 - 87.17 + 87.65 = [(-65).87+87.65] + 65.(17-87)
= 65.(-70) = -4550
g) -43.(53-16) - 53.(16-43) = (-43).53 - (-43).16 - 53.16 + 53.43
= (-43).53 + 43.16 - 53.16 + 53.43 = [(-43).53+53.43] + 16.(43-53)
= 16.(-10) = -160
a ) x : − 7 – 6 = − 15 x : − 7 = − 9 x = − 9 . − 7 x = 63
b ) x : 12 – 12 = − 37 x : 12 = − 25 x = − 25 . 12 x = 3 00
c ) x : − 25 + 81 = 85 x : − 25 = 4 x = 4 . − 25 x = − 1 00
a) 5x - 16 = 40 + x
5x -x = 40 +16
4x = 56
x = 56 : 4
x = 14
b, 4x - 10 = 15 - x
4x + x = 15 +10
4x + x = 25
5x = 25
x = 25 : 5
x = 5
`Answer:`
a. \(x+12=3\Leftrightarrow x=3-12\Leftrightarrow x=-9\)
b. \(2x-15=21\Leftrightarrow2x=21+15\Leftrightarrow2x=36\Leftrightarrow x=36:2\Leftrightarrow x=18\)
c. \(13-3x=4\Leftrightarrow-3x=4-13\Leftrightarrow-3x=-9\Leftrightarrow x=-9:-3\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
d. \(2\left(x-2\right)+4=12\Leftrightarrow2x-4+4=12\Leftrightarrow2x=12\Leftrightarrow x=12:2\Leftrightarrow x=6\)
e. \(15-3\left(x-2\right)=21\Leftrightarrow15-3x+6=21\Leftrightarrow-3x=21-15-6\Leftrightarrow-3x=0\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
g. \(25+4\left(3-x\right)=1\Leftrightarrow25+12-4x=1\Leftrightarrow37-4x=1\Leftrightarrow-4x=-36\Leftrightarrow x=9\)
h. \(3x+12=2x-4\Leftrightarrow3x-2x=-4-12\Leftrightarrow x=-16\)
i. \(14-3x=\left(-x\right)+4\Leftrightarrow-3x+x=4-14\Leftrightarrow-2x=10\Leftrightarrow x=5\)
k. \(2\left(x-2\right)+7=x-25\Leftrightarrow2x-4+7=x-25\Leftrightarrow2x-x=-25-3\Leftrightarrow x=-28\)
a)73+86+968+914+3032
= (86 + 914) +(968 + 3032) + 73
= 1000 + 4000 + 73
= 5073
b)341.67+341.16+659.83
=341 (67 + 16) + 659 * 83
= 341 * 83 + 659 * 83
= (341+ 659) * 83
= 1000 * 83
= 830000
c)252-84:21+7
= 252 - 2 +7
=257
d)4.8.25.125.27
= (8 * 125) (4* 25) * 27
= 1000 * 100 * 27
= 2700000
e)34+35+36+37-24-25-26-27
= (34-24) + (35-25) + (36-26) + (37-27)
= 10 + 10 + 10 + 10
= 40
g)1-2+3-4+...-98+99
= (1 + 99) + (-2-98) + .....+ (-48 - 52) + (49 + 51) - 50
= 100 - 50
= 50
h)1-4+7-10+...-100+103
Bài 2:Tìm số nguyên x,biết:
l)3636:(12.x-91)=36
3636 : (12x - 91) = 36
12x - 91 = 101
12x = 192
x= 16
m)(x:23+45).67=8911
x: 23 + 45 = 133
x : 23 = 88
x= 88/23
n)[(6.x-39):7].4=12
6x - 39 = 3
6x = 42
x=7
p)128-3(x+4)=23
3(x+4) = 105
x+4= 35
x= 31
q)[(4.x+28).3+55]:5=35
(4x + 28)*3 +55 = 175
(4x + 28) * 3 = 120
4x + 28 = 40
4x = 12
x=3
r)123-5.(x+4)=38
5(x+4) = 85
x+4 = 17
x= 13
t)11-(53+x)=97
53 + x = -86
x= -139
i)23.75+25.23+180
= 23(75+25) + 180
= 2300 + 180
= 2480
A , 3 - ( 17 - x ) = 289 - ( 36 + 289 )
3 - 17 + x = 0 - 36
-14 + x = -36
x = -36 - ( - 14 ) = -22
B, 25 - ( x + 5 ) = -415 - ( 15 - 415 )
25 - x - 5 = 0 - 15
20 - x = -15
x = 20 - ( - 15 ) = 35
C , 34 + ( 21 - x ) = ( 3747 - 30 ) - 3746
34 + 21 - x = 1 - 30
55 - x = -29
x = 55 - (-29 ) = 74
D , -2x - ( x -17 ) = 34 - ( -x + 25 )
- 2x - x + 17 = 34 - 25 + x
- 3x + 17 = 9 + x
- 3x - x = 9 - 17
-4x = -8
x = -8 : ( - 4 )
x = 2
E , 17x + ( -16x - 37 ) = x + 43
17x - 16x -37 = x + 43
x - 37 = x + 43
-37 - 43 = x - x
- 80 = 0 ( vô lý )
G , ( x + 12 ) . (x - 3 ) = 0
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+12=0\\x-3=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=-12\\x=3\end{cases}}\)
g: x:(-7)-6=-15
=>x:(-7)=-15+6=-9
=>\(x=\left(-9\right)\left(-7\right)=9\cdot7=63\)
h: \(x:12+\left(-12\right)=-37\)
=>\(x:12=\left(-37\right)-\left(-12\right)=-37+12=-25\)
=>\(x=-25\cdot12=-300\)
i: \(x:\left(-25\right)+81=85\)
=>\(x:\left(-25\right)=85-81=4\)
=>\(x=4\cdot\left(-25\right)=-100\)
k: \(\left(-31\right)\cdot x=-93\)
=>\(x=\dfrac{-93}{-31}=\dfrac{93}{31}\)
=>x=3
l: 5x+1=-4
=>5x=-4-1=-5
=>\(x=-\dfrac{5}{5}=-1\)
m: \(\left(-12\right)\cdot x+34=10\)
=>\(\left(-12\right)\cdot x=10-34=-24\)
=>12x=24
=>x=24/12=2