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- Viết 7 hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ :
\(\left(A+B\right)^2=A^2+2AB+B^2\)
\(\left(A-B\right)^2=A^2-2AB+B^2\)
\(A^2-B^2=\left(A-B\right)\left(A+B\right)\)
\(\left(A+B\right)^3=A^3+3A^2B+3AB^2+B^3\)
\(\left(A-B\right)^3=A^3-3A^2B+3AB^2-B^3\)
\(A^3-B^3=\left(A-B\right)\left(A^2+AB+B^2\right)\)
\(A^3+B^3=\left(A+B\right)\left(A^2-AB+B^2\right)\)
- Áp dụng :
\(a,\left(x+2y\right)^2=x^2+4xy+4y^2\)
\(b,\left(\dfrac{5x-1}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(5x-1\right)^2}{2^2}=\dfrac{25x^2-10x+1}{4}\)
\(c,\left(\dfrac{1}{3x-3}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3x+3}\right)=\dfrac{1.1}{\left(3x-3\right)\left(3x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{9x^2-9}\)
\(d,\left(2x+3\right)^3=8x^3+36x^2+54x+27\)
\(e,\left(\dfrac{1}{4y-2x}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{\left(4y-2x\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{16y^2-16xy+4x^2}\)
\(f,\left(2x-y\right)\left(4x^2+2xy+y^2\right)=\left(2x\right)^3-y^3=8x^3-y^3\)
\(g,\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+9\right)=x^3+27\)
\(\left(x^2+3\right)\left(3-x^2\right)\)
\(\left(x^2+3\right)\left(-x^2+3\right)\)
\(\left(-x^2+3\right).x^2+3\left(-x^2+3\right)\)
\(-x^2.x^2+3x^2+3\left(-x^2+3\right)\)
\(-x^2.x^2+3x^2-3x^2+9\)
\(-x^2.x^2+9\)
\(a,\left(6x+1\right)\left(x+2\right)-2x\left(3x-5\right)\)
\(=6x^2+12x+x+2-6x^2+10x\)
\(=23x+2\)
a) (6x + 1)(x + 2) - 2x(3x - 5)
= 6x2 + 12x + x + 2 - 6x2 + 10x
= (6x2 - 6x2) + (12x + x + 10x) + 2
= 23x + 2
b) (2x - 1)2 - (2x - 3)(2x + 3)
= 4x2 - 4x + 1 - 4x2 + 9
= (4x2 - 4x2) - 4x + (1 + 9)
= -4x + 10
c) (2x - 3)3 - (3x + 1)(5 - 4x) - 16x2
= 8x3 - 36x2 + 54x - 15x + 12x2 - 5 + 4x - 16x2
= 8x3 - (36x2 - 12x2 + 16x2) + (54x - 15x + 4x) - 5
= 8x3 - 40x2 + 43x - 5
d) (3x + 2) - (x - 5) - x(3x - 13)
= 3x + 2 - x + 5 - 3x2 + 13x
= (3x - x + 13x) + (2 + 5) - 3x2
= 15x + 7 - 3x2
1/ \(A=3\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-\left(x^2+6x+9\right)\)
\(=3x^2+6x+3-x^2-6x-9\)
\(=2x^2-6\)
Vậy biểu thức A vẫn phụ thuộc vào biến -_-
2/ \(B=\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(x-4\right)x\)
\(=x^2-4x+4-x^2-4x\)
\(=4\)
Vậy biểu thức B không phụ thuộc vào biến (đpcm)
3/ \(C=3\left(x+2\right)^2-3\left(x^2-4x\right)\)
\(=3\left(x^2+4x+4\right)-3x^2+12x\)
\(=3x^2+12x+12-3x^2+12x\)
\(=24x+12\)
Vậy biểu thức C vẫn phụ thuộc vào biến -_-
4/ \(D=3x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)-x\left(3x+3\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x^2-4\right)-3x^2-3x\)
\(=3x^3-12x-3x^2-3x\)
\(=3x^3-3x^2-15x\)
Vậy biểu thức D vẫn phụ thuộc vào biến -_-
5/ \(E=x^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)+5\)
\(=x^2-\left(x^2-1\right)+5\)
\(=x^2-x^2+1+5\)
\(=6\)
Vậy biểu thức E không phụ thuộc vào biến.
a)\(\left(2x+5\right)^2=\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+20x+25=x^2+4x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-x^2+20x-4x=4-25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+16x=-21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+16x+21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+9x+7x+21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x+3\right)+7\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+3\right)\left(3x+7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=0\\3x+7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=\dfrac{-7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm S = \(\left\{-3;\dfrac{-7}{3}\right\}\)
e)\(\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-3\right)=\left(4-2x\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-3\right)-\left(4-2x\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(2x-3-4+2x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(4x-7\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\4x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=\dfrac{7}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm S=\(\left\{2;\dfrac{7}{4}\right\}\)
g)\(4x^2-1=\left(2x+1\right)\left(3x-5\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)-\left(2x+1\right)\left(3x-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(2x-1-3x+5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+1\right)\left(4-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=0\\4-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\\4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có tập nghiệm S = \(\left\{4;\dfrac{-1}{2}\right\}\)
\(a.\left(2x-3\right)\left(4x^2+6x+9\right)-\left(2x+3\right)\left(4x^2-6x+9\right)\\ =\left(2x\right)^3-3^3-\left[\left(2x\right)^3+3^3\right]\\ =8x^3-9-\left(8x^3+9\right)\\ =8x^3-9-8x^3-9=-18\)
\(b.\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =x^3+1-\left(x^3-1\right)\\ =x^3+1-x^3+1=2\)
\(c.\left(3x-1\right)\left(3x+1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)^2\\ =9x^2-1-\left(9x^2-12x+4\right)\\ =9x^2-1-9x^2+12x-4\\ =12x-5\)
\(d.\left(2x-3\right)^2-\left(2x+3\right)\left(2x-3\right)\\ =\left(2x-3\right)\cdot\left[\left(2x-3\right)-\left(2x+3\right)\right]\\ =\left(2x-3\right)\cdot\left(2x-3-2x-3\right)\\ =\left(2x-3\right)\cdot\left(-6\right)\\ =-12x\cdot18\)
\(e.\left(3x-4\right)^2-\left(2x+4\right)^2\\ =9x^2-24x+16-\left(4x^2+16x+16\right)\\ =9x^2-24x+16-4x^2-16x-16\\ =5x^2-40x\)
\(f.\left(3x-5\right)^3-\left(3x+5\right)^3\\ =27x^3-135x^2+225x-125-\left(27x^3+135x^2+225x+125\right)\\ =27x^3-135x^2+225x-125-27x^3-135x^2-225x-125\\ =-270x^2-250\)
\(g.\left(2x-1\right)^2-\left(3x-1\right)^2\\ =4x^2-4x+1-\left(9x^2-6x+1\right)\\ =4x^2-4x+1-9x^2+6x-1\\ =-5x^2+2x\)
\(h.\left(x-2y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^3-6y^3\right)\\ =x^3-8y^3+x^3-6y^3\\ =2x^3-14y^3\)