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Bổ đề :\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si ta có:
\(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz};\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}.\dfrac{1}{z}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{1}{x}\dfrac{1}{y}\dfrac{1}{z}}=9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ x=y=z
Ta có:\(\dfrac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{ab}{9}.\dfrac{9}{a+3b+2c}\le\dfrac{ab}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\dfrac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{ca}{9}.\left(\dfrac{1}{c+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{2a}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(A\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(\dfrac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{cb+ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca+ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(a+b+c+\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.\left(6+\dfrac{6}{3}\right)=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra ⇔ a=b=c=2
Vậy Max A=1⇔ a=b=c=2
Bìa này muốn làm cân 2 bước nha
Bước 1 ) CM BĐT \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\)
nó được CM như sau
áp dụng BĐT cô si ta đc
\(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge3.\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}}=9.\sqrt[3]{xyz.\frac{1}{x}.\frac{1}{y}.\frac{1}{z}}=9\)
dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z
Bước 2 ) Theo CM bước 1 . áp dụng ta đc
\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}=\frac{ab}{9}.\frac{9}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\frac{ab}{9}.\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
CM tương tự ta đc
\(\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\le\frac{bc}{9}.\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2c}\right)\)
\(\frac{ca}{c+3a+2b}\le\frac{ca}{9}\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2a}\right)\)
cộng zế zới zế ta đc
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ca}{b+c}+\frac{bc+ca}{a+b}+\frac{a}{2}+\frac{b}{2}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(b+a+c+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}=\frac{6}{6}=1\)
=> MAx A=1 khi a=b=c=2
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
Đặt \(x=\dfrac{1}{a},y=\dfrac{1}{b},z=\dfrac{1}{c}\) thì ta có \(x,y,z>0;x+y+z=3\) và
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{3b^2c^2+abc}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{3.\dfrac{1}{y^2z^2}+\dfrac{1}{xyz}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{x}}{\dfrac{3x+yz}{xy^2z^2}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{y^2z^2}{3x+yz}}\) \(=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{3x+yz}}\) \(=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}}\) \(=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
Do đó \(T=\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\dfrac{zx}{\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+\dfrac{xy}{\sqrt{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+z\right)}\)
Lập 2 BĐT tương tự rồi cộng theo vế, ta được \(T\le\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{yz}{2\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{zx}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{zx}{2\left(y+x\right)}\) \(+\dfrac{xy}{2\left(z+x\right)}+\dfrac{xy}{2\left(z+y\right)}\)
\(T\le\dfrac{yz+zx}{2\left(x+y\right)}+\dfrac{xy+zx}{2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{xy+yz}{2\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(T\le\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\) (do \(x+y+z=3\))
\(T\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\) \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy \(maxT=\dfrac{3}{2}\), xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
(Mình muốn gửi lời cảm ơn tới bạn Nguyễn Đức Trí vì ý tưởng của bài này chính là bài mình vừa hỏi lúc nãy trên diễn đàn. Cảm ơn bạn Trí rất nhiều vì đã giúp mình có được lời giải này.)
Bạn Lê Song Phương xem lại dùm nhé, thanks!
\(...\dfrac{yz}{\sqrt[]{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\le\dfrac{2yz}{x+y}+\dfrac{2yz}{x+z}\)
\(...\Rightarrow T\le2.3=6\)
\(\Rightarrow GTLN\left(T\right)=6\left(tạia=b=c=1\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{4}{2b}+\dfrac{9}{3c}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{a+2b+3c}=\dfrac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{4}{2a}+\dfrac{9}{3b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{\left(2+3+1\right)^2}{2a+3b+c}=\dfrac{36}{2a+3b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}=\dfrac{9}{3a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{4}{2c}\ge\dfrac{\left(3+1+2\right)^2}{3a+b+2c}=\dfrac{36}{3a+2b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế: \(6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\ge36F\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge6F\)
Mặt khác: \(ab+bc+ac=3abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=3\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow18\ge36F\Leftrightarrow F\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2a+3b+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\ge\dfrac{16}{2b+3a+3c}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{16}{2c+3a+3b}\)
cộng tất cả lại ta được \(4.2017\ge16.\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+3b+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2b+3a+3c}+\dfrac{1}{2c+3a+3b}\right)< =>P\le\dfrac{2017}{4}\)
dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b}=\dfrac{1}{b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2b}=\dfrac{3}{2c}=2017\end{matrix}\right.< =>a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4034}}\)
\(ab+bc+ca=3abc\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\) (do a,b,c là các số dương)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki dạng phân thức:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{6^2}{a+2b+3c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{36}{a+2b+3c}\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{36}{b+2c+3a}\le\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{3}{a}\left(2\right)\\\dfrac{36}{c+2a+3b}\le\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy (1) + (2) + (3) ta được:
\(36F\le6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=6.3=18\)
\(\Rightarrow F\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
MaxF=1/2 khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+2\left(b+c\right)}\) Theo Cauchy: \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\) => \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1} {4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\) => \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\) Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\) Và: \(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\) => \(P\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+c}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.2017\) => Pmax = 2017:4=504,25\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}=\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)+2\left(b+c\right)}\)
Theo Cauchy: \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2a+3b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{1}{3a+2b+3c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\)
Và: \(\frac{1}{3a+3b+2c}\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{1}{2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)\)
=> \(P\le\frac{1}{8}\left(\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{a+c}+\frac{2}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}.2017\)
=> Pmax = 2017:4=504,25
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{3c+ab}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab}}=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{c^2+ab+bc+ca}}\)
\(=\dfrac{ab}{\sqrt{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại rồi cộng theo vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Khi đó \(\dfrac{9.ab}{a+3b+2c}=ab.\dfrac{9}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(c+b\right)+2b}\le\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{c+b}+\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng theo vế suy ra \(9A\le\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}=9< =>A\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 2