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Theo giả thiết ta có 3 góc: \(\alpha;\beta=\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3};\gamma=\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\).
Ta có:
\(tan\alpha.tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)+tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right).tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)+\)\(tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right).tan\alpha\)
\(=tan\alpha\left[tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)+tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)\right]\)\(+tan\left(a+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(=tan\alpha\dfrac{sin\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)\(+\dfrac{sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=tan\alpha\dfrac{-sin2\alpha}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)\(+\dfrac{cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}-cos\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)}{2cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2sin^2\alpha}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)\(+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+cos2\alpha}{2cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-4sin^2\alpha+cos2\alpha}{2cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}-4\left(1-cos^2\alpha\right)+2cos^2\alpha-1}{cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}+cos\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{6cos^2\alpha-\dfrac{9}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}-cos2\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(2cos^2\alpha-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}-\left(2cos^2\alpha-1\right)}=\dfrac{3\left(2cos^2\alpha-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}{\dfrac{3}{2}-2cos^2\alpha}=-3\).
\(4cos\alpha.cos\beta cos\gamma=4cos\alpha cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\right)\)
\(=4cos\alpha.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos\dfrac{\pi}{3}+cos\left(2\alpha+\pi\right)\right)\)
\(=4cos\alpha.\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-cos2\alpha\right)\)
\(=cos\alpha-2cos\alpha.cos2\alpha\)
\(=cos\alpha-\left(cos\alpha+cos3\alpha\right)\)
\(=-cos3\alpha\)
\(=cos\left(\pi+3\alpha\right)\)
\(=cos3\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}+\alpha\right)\)
\(=cos3\beta\) (đpcm).
Theo đầu bài ta có : \(\cot\frac{A}{2}+\cot\frac{C}{2}=2\cot\frac{B}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sin\frac{A+C}{2}}{\sin\frac{A}{2}\sin\frac{C}{2}}=2\frac{\cos\frac{B}{2}}{\sin\frac{B}{2}}=2\frac{\sin\frac{A+C}{2}}{\cos\frac{A+C}{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sin\left(\frac{A+C}{2}\right)\cos\left(\frac{A+C}{2}\right)=2\sin\frac{A}{2}\sin\frac{C}{2}\sin\frac{A+C}{2}=\left(\cos\frac{A-C}{2}-\cos\frac{A+C}{2}\right)\sin\frac{A+C}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sin\frac{A+C}{2}\cos\frac{A+C}{2}=\cos\frac{A-C}{2}\sin\frac{A+C}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sin\left(A+C\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\sin A+\sin C\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sin A+\sin C=2\sin B\Rightarrow a+c=2b\)
Chứng tỏ 3 cạnh của tam giác lập thành cấp số cộng
Theo giả thiết ta có : \(\cot A+\cot C=2\cot B\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sin\left(A+C\right)}{\sin A\sin C}=\frac{2\cos B}{\sin B}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sin^2B=2\sin B\sin C\cos B=\left[\cos\left(A-C\right)-\cos\left(A+C\right)\right]\cos B\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sin^2B=\cos\left(A-C\right)\cos B-\cos\left(A+C\right)\cos B=-\cos\left(A-C\right)\cos\left(A+C\right)+\cos^2B\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sin^2B=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\cos2A+\cos2C\right)+1-\sin^2B=-\frac{1}{2}\left(1-2\sin^2A+1-2\sin^2C\right)+1-\sin^2B\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sin^2B=\sin^2A+\sin^2C\Leftrightarrow2b^2=a^2+c^2\)
Vậy chứng tỏ \(a^2,b^2,c^2\) theo thứ tự đó cũng lập thành một cấp số cộng
Ta có : \(A=\frac{\tan\alpha}{1+\tan^2\alpha}=\tan\alpha.\cos^2\alpha=\sin\alpha.\cos\alpha=\frac{3}{5}\cos\alpha\left(1\right)\)
\(\cos^2\alpha=1-\sin^2\alpha=1-\left(\frac{3}{5}\right)^2=\frac{16}{25}\) (2)
Vì \(\alpha\in\left(\frac{\pi}{2};\pi\right)\) nên \(\cos\alpha<0\)
Do đó, từ (2) suy ra \(\cos\alpha=-\frac{4}{5}\) (3)
Thế (3) vào (1) ta được \(A=-\frac{12}{25}\)
c/
\(\Leftrightarrow tan\left(60^0-x\right)=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow60^0-x=-30^0+k180^0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=90^0+k180^0\)
d/
\(\Leftrightarrow tan\left(3x+\frac{2\pi}{5}\right)=-tan\left(\frac{\pi}{5}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tan\left(3x+\frac{2\pi}{5}\right)=tan\left(-\frac{\pi}{5}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+\frac{2\pi}{5}=-\frac{\pi}{5}+k\pi\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{\pi}{5}+\frac{k\pi}{3}\)
a/
\(\Leftrightarrow tan2x=-tan40^0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tan2x=tan\left(-40^0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=-40^0+k180^0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-20^0+k90^0\)
b/
\(\Leftrightarrow tan\left(2x-15^0\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x-15^0=45^0+k180^0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=30^0+k90^0\)
Từ giả thiết ta có hệ phương trình : \(\begin{cases}\tan A.\tan B=6\\\tan A.\tan C=3\end{cases}\)
Mặt khác, ta cũng có : \(-\tan B=\tan\left(A+C\right)=\frac{\tan A+\tan C}{1-\tan A.\tan C}=\frac{\tan A+\tan C}{1-3}=-\frac{1}{2}\left(\tan A+\tan C\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\tan B=\tan A+\tan C\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\tan A\tan B=1\tan^2A+\tan A.\tan C\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2.6=2\tan^2A+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\tan^2A=9\)
Theo giả thiết : \(\tan A\tan B=6>0\)
\(\tan A\tan C=3>0\)
Cho nên \(\tan A>0,\tan B>0,\tan C>0\)
Suy ra \(\tan A=3,\tan B=2,\tan C=1\)
Điều đó chứng tỏ \(\tan A,\tan B,\tan C\) lập thành cấp số cộng có công sai d = 1