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a)
\(P=\dfrac{x^{10}-x^8+x^6-x^4+x^2-1}{x^4-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^8\left(x^2-1\right)+x^4\left(x^2-1\right)+\left(x^2-1\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^8+x^4+1\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^8+x^4+1}{x^2+1}\)
b)
\(Q=\dfrac{x^{40}+x^{30}+x^{20}+x^{10}+1}{x^{45}+x^{40}+x^{35}+...+x^{10}+x^5+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^{40}+x^{30}+x^{20}+x^{10}+1}{\left(x^{45}+x^{35}+...+x^5\right)+\left(x^{40}+x^{30}+...+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^{40}+x^{30}+x^{20}+x^{10}+1}{x^5\left(x^{40}+x^{30}+...+1\right)+\left(x^{40}+x^{30}+...+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^{40}+x^{30}+x^{20}+x^{10}+1}{\left(x^{40}+x^{30}+...+1\right)\left(x^5+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(x^5+1\right)}\)
cái câu b dòng cuối mẫu số đóng mở ngoặc chi cho mệt ei =.=
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^{10}-x\right)+\left(x^5-x^2\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^8+x^4+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x^9-1\right)+x^2\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{x^8+2x^4+1-x^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x^3-1\right)\left(x^6+x^3+1\right)+x^2\left(x^3-1\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{\left(x^4+1\right)^2-x^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^7+x^4+x+x^2\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)}{\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)\left(x^4+x^2+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x^7+x^2+x^4+x\right)+1\right]}{\left(x^4+2x^2+1-x^2\right)\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^7+x^4+x^2+x\right)+1}{\left(x^2+1-x\right)\left(x^4-x^2+1\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{x^{39}+x^{36}+x^{33}+...+x^3+1}{x^{40}+x^{38}+x^{36}+...+x^2+1}\)
Đặt \(C=x^{39}+x^{36}+x^{33}+...+x^3+1\)
\(x^3.C=x^{42}+x^{39}+x^{36}+...+x^3\)
\(\left(x^3-1\right)C=x^{42-1}\)
\(C=\frac{x^{42}-1}{x^3-1}\)
Đặt \(D=x^{40}+x^{38}+x^{36}+....+x^2+1\)
\(x^2.D=x^{42}+x^{40}+x^{38}+x^{36}+....+x^2\)
\(\left(x^2-1\right).D=x^{42}-1\)
\(D=\frac{x^{42}-1}{x^2-1}\)
Ta có :
\(C:D=\frac{x^{42}-1}{x^3-1}:\frac{x^{42}-1}{x^2-1}\)
\(C:D=\frac{x^2-1}{x^3-1}\)
\(C:D=\frac{x+1}{x^2+x+1}\)
Ta có : \(A=C:D=\frac{x+1}{x^2+x+1}\)
Vậy ...........
Đặt biểu thức là A, ta có:
\(A=\frac{x^{40}+x^{30}+x^{20}+x^{10}+1}{x^{45}+x^{40}+x^{35}+...+x^{10}+x^5+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.x^5=\frac{x^{45}+x^{35}+x^{25}+x^{15}+x^5}{x^{45}+x^{40}+x^{35}+...+x^{10}+x^5+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.x^5+A=\frac{x^{45}+x^{40}+x^{35}+x^{25}+x^{15}+x^5+x^{40}+x^{30}+x^{20}+x^{10}+1}{x^{45}+x^{40}+x^{35}+...+x^{10}+x^5+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow A.x^5+1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{x^5+1}\)