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a) x2 + xy + y - 1 = (x2 - 1) + (xy + y) = (x - 1)(x + 1) + y(x + 1) = (x + 1)(x + y - 1)
b) 4 - x2 + 2xy - y2 = 4 - (x2 - 2xy + y2) = 4 - (x - y)2 = (x - y + 2)(4 - x + y)
c) 8x2 - 18y2 = 2(4x2 - 9y2) = 2[(2x)2 - (3y)2] = 2(2x - 3y)(2x + 3y)
d) 8x3 - 4x2 - 6xy - 9y2 - 27y3
= (8x3 - 27y3) - (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)
= (2x - 3y)(4x2 + 6xy + 9y2) - (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)
= (2x - 3y - 1)(4x2 + 6xy + 9y2)
e) 4x2 - x - 3 = 4x2 - 4x + 3x - 3 = 4x(x - 1) + 3(x - 1) = (x - 1)(4x + 3)
f) 4x2 - 8x + 3 = 4x2 - 2x - 6x + 3 = 2x(2x - 1) - 3(2x - 1) = (2x - 3)(2x - 1)
Bài 1
a) 5x²y - 20xy²
= 5xy(x - 4y)
b) 1 - 8x + 16x² - y²
= (1 - 8x + 16x²) - y²
= (1 - 4x)² - y²
= (1 - 4x - y)(1 - 4x + y)
c) 4x - 4 - x²
= -(x² - 4x + 4)
= -(x - 2)²
d) x³ - 2x² + x - xy²
= x(x² - 2x + 1 - y²)
= x[(x² - 2x+ 1) - y²]
= x[(x - 1)² - y²]
= x(x - 1 - y)(x - 1 + y)
= x(x - y - 1)(x + y - 1)
e) 27 - 3x²
= 3(9 - x²)
= 3(3 - x)(3 + x)
f) 2x² + 4x + 2 - 2y²
= 2(x² + 2x + 1 - y²)
= 2[(x² + 2x + 1) - y²]
= 2[(x + 1)² - y²]
= 2(x + 1 - y)(x + 1 + y)
= 2(x - y + 1)(x + y + 1)
Bài 2:
a: \(x^2\left(x-2023\right)+x-2023=0\)
=>\(\left(x-2023\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+1>=1>0\forall x\)
nên x-2023=0
=>x=2023
b:
ĐKXĐ: x<>0
\(-x\left(x-4\right)+\left(2x^3-4x^2-9x\right):x=0\)
=>\(-x\left(x-4\right)+2x^2-4x-9=0\)
=>\(-x^2+4x+2x^2-4x-9=0\)
=>\(x^2-9=0\)
=>(x-3)(x+3)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: \(x^2+2x-3x-6=0\)
=>\(\left(x^2+2x\right)-\left(3x+6\right)=0\)
=>\(x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)=0\)
=>(x+2)(x-3)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
d: 3x(x-10)-2x+20=0
=>\(3x\left(x-10\right)-\left(2x-20\right)=0\)
=>\(3x\left(x-10\right)-2\left(x-10\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-10\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-10=0\\3x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1:
a: \(5x^2y-20xy^2\)
\(=5xy\cdot x-5xy\cdot4y\)
\(=5xy\left(x-4y\right)\)
b: \(1-8x+16x^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(16x^2-8x+1\right)-y^2\)
\(=\left(4x-1\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(4x-1-y\right)\left(4x-1+y\right)\)
c: \(4x-4-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2\)
d: \(x^3-2x^2+x-xy^2\)
\(=x\left(x^2-2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=x\left[\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-1-y\right)\left(x-1+y\right)\)
e: \(27-3x^2\)
\(=3\left(9-x^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(3-x\right)\left(3+x\right)\)
f: \(2x^2+4x+2-2y^2\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left(x+1+y\right)\left(x+1-y\right)\)
1/ \(x^4+x^2-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2\right)^2-x^2+2x^2-2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-1\right)+2\left(x^2-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x^2-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2=0\\x+1=0\\x-1-0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
2/ \(x^3+3x^2+6x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3+x^2\right)+\left(2x^2+2x\right)+\left(4x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)+4\left(x+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=0\) (do \(x^2+2x+4=\left(x+1\right)^2+3>0,\forall x\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-1\).
3/ \(x^3-6x^2+8x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-6x+8\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left[\left(x^2-2x\right)-\left(4x-8\right)\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left[x\left(x-2\right)-4\left(x-2\right)\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-2=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=2\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
4/ \(x^4-8x^3-9x^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-8x-9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-9x+x-9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x\left(x-9\right)+\left(x-9\right)\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=0\\x+1=0\\x-9=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\\x=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(=\left(x+1+5\right)\left(x+1-5\right)=\left(x+6\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
b: =(1-2x)(1+2x)
c: \(=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)
d: =(x+3)^3
e: \(=\left(2x-y\right)^3\)
f: =(x+2y)(x^2-2xy+4y^2)
bài 5:
1: \(\dfrac{12x^3y^2}{18xy^5}=\dfrac{12x^3y^2:6xy^2}{18xy^5:6xy^2}=\dfrac{2x^2}{3y^3}\)
2: \(\dfrac{10xy-5x^2}{2x^2-8y^2}=\dfrac{5x\cdot2y-5x\cdot x}{2\left(x^2-4y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{5x\left(2y-x\right)}{-2\left(x+2y\right)\left(2y-x\right)}=\dfrac{-5x}{2\left(x+2y\right)}\)
3: \(\dfrac{x^2-xy-x+y}{x^2+xy-x-y}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^2-xy\right)-\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x^2+xy\right)-\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)-\left(x-y\right)}{x\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{x-y}{x+y}\)
4: \(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{\left(6x^2-6\right)\left(x^3-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2}{6\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}{6\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{6\left(x^2+x+1\right)}\)
5: \(\dfrac{2x^2-7x+3}{1-4x^2}\)
\(=-\dfrac{2x^2-7x+3}{4x^2-1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{2x^2-6x-x+3}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(=-\dfrac{2x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(=-\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x-1\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-x+3}{2x+1}\)
Bài 3:
1: \(9x^3-xy^2\)
\(=x\cdot9x^2-x\cdot y^2\)
\(=x\left(9x^2-y^2\right)\)
\(=x\left(3x-y\right)\left(3x+y\right)\)
2: \(x^2-3xy-6x+18y\)
\(=\left(x^2-3xy\right)-\left(6x-18y\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-3y\right)-6\left(x-3y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-6\right)\)
3: \(x^2-3xy-6x+18y\)
\(=\left(x^2-3xy\right)-\left(6x-18y\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-3y\right)-6\left(x-3y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(x-6\right)\)
4: \(6xy-x^2+36-9y^2\)
\(=36-\left(x^2-6xy+9y^2\right)\)
\(=36-\left(x-3y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(6-x+3y\right)\left(6+x-3y\right)\)
5: \(x^4-6x^2+5\)
\(=x^4-x^2-5x^2+5\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-1\right)-5\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-5\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-5\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
6: \(9x^2-6x-y^2+2y\)
\(=\left(9x^2-y^2\right)-\left(6x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-y\right)\left(3x+y\right)-2\left(3x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-y\right)\left(3x+y-2\right)\)
a: =(6x)^2-(3x-2)^2
=(6x-3x+2)(6x+3x-2)
=(9x-2)(3x+2)
d: \(=\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
\(=4x\cdot\left[x^2+2x+1+x^2-2x+1\right]\)
=8x(x^2+1)
e: =(4x)^2-2*4x*3y+(3y)^2
=(4x-3y)^2
f: \(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}x^4-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}x^2\cdot2y^3+4y^6\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}x^2-2y^3\right)^2\)
g: =(4x)^3+1^3
=(4x+1)(16x^2-4x+1)
k: =x^3(27x^3-8)
=x^3(3x-2)(9x^2+6x+4)
l: =(x^3-y^3)(x^3+y^3)
=(x-y)(x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2)(x^2+xy+y^2)