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\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{b-a+a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}-\dfrac{a-b}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}-\dfrac{a-c}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{a-c}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{2}\cdot\dfrac{c-a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{a-c}{2}\cdot\dfrac{a-b}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
nhớ tìm trước khi hỏi Câu hỏi của Trần Huỳnh Cẩm Hân - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến
\(a,\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow3+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\ge3+2+2+2=9\Rightarrowđpcm\)b, Đặt \(x=b+c;y=a+c;a+b=z\)
Khi đó :
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left[\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)-3\right]\) \(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2+2+2-3\right)=1,5\Rightarrowđpcm\)
Bài 2:
a) \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(a+b\right)^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3\right]\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên a + b = -c (1)
Thay (1) vào A, ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}\left[\left(-c\right)^3-3ab\left(-c\right)+c^3\right]\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{abc}.3abc\)
\(A=3\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Vì \(a+b+c=0\)
Nên b + c = -a
=> ( b + c )2 = (-a)2
=> b2 + c2 + 2bc = a2
=> b2 + c2 = a2 - 2bc (1)
Tương tự ta có: c2 + a2 = b2 - 2ac (2)
a2 + b2 = c - 2ab (3)
Thay (1), (2) và (3) vào B, ta được:
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-\left(a^2-2bc\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-\left(b^2-2ac\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-\left(c^2-2ab\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(B=\dfrac{a^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{2abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{2abc}\)
\(B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Mà \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) ( câu a )
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{2abc}.3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
a) GT: abc = 2
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+2}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2c}{ac+2c+2}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{abc+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2+2cb+2b}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{2cb}{2\left(1+cb+b\right)}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(M=1\)
b) GT: abc = 1
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{c}{ac+c+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{cb}{b\left(ac+c+1\right)}\)
\(N=\dfrac{a}{a\left(b+1+bc\right)}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{abc+bc+b}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{b}{bc+b+1}+\dfrac{bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=\dfrac{1+b+bc}{bc+b+1}\)
\(N=1\)
Lời giải:
Phản chứng. Giả sử tồn tại 3 số dương $a,b,c$ thỏa mãn điều trên
$\Rightarrow a+\frac{1}{b}+b+\frac{1}{c}+c+\frac{1}{a}< 6$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+\frac{1}{a}-2)+(b+\frac{1}{b}-2)+(c+\frac{1}{c}-2)< 0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{(a-1)^2}{a}+\frac{(b-1)^2}{b}+\frac{(c-1)^2}{c}< 0$ (vô lý với mọi $a,b,c>0$)
Do đó điều giả sử là sai.
Tức là không có 3 số dương $a,b,c$ nào thỏa mãn BĐT đã cho.
a)ĐK: a>0 b>0 nhé bạn đề thiếu
(a-b)2\(\ge\)0
<=>a2+b2\(\ge\)2ab
<=>a2+2ab+b2\(\ge\)4ab
<=>(a+b)2\(\ge\)4ab
<=>\(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
<=>\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> (a-b)2=0<=>a=b
=>A\(\ge\)\(\left(a+b\right)\dfrac{4}{a+b}=4\)(đpcm)
b)\(B=\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{a+c}{b}=\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cosi x+y\(\ge\)2\(\sqrt{xy}\)cho 2 số dương x;y ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ac}{ca}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{bc}{cb}}=2\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ba}}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\\\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\\\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)a=b=c
=>B\(\ge2+2+2=6\)(đpcm)
a)\(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3}{abc}+\dfrac{b^3}{abc}+\dfrac{c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3abc}{abc}=3\)(vì a+b+c=0)
b)Ta có: a+b+c=0
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-b-c\\b=-c-a\\c=-a-b\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\\b^2=\left(c+a\right)^2\\c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{a^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2-a^2-b^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3abc}{2abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)(vì a+b+c=0)
cm:nếu a+b+c=0 thì a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc
a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc
=>a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0
=>(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)+c^3-3abc=0
=>[(a+b)^3+c^3]-3ab(a+b+c)=0
=>(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-(a+b)c+c^2] -3ab(a+b+c)=0
=>(a+b+c)[(a+b)^2-(a+b)c+c^2-3ab]=0
vì a+b+c=0 nên a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc
thay kết quả vừa chúng minh vào đề bài ta đc
\(A=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ca}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{abc}=\dfrac{3abc}{abc}=3\)
chúc bạn học tốt ^ ^
a/d vào công thức a^3+b^3+b^3=3abc( khi a+b+c=0)
ta đc 1/a+1/b+1/c=0
=> (1/a)^3+(1/b)^3+(1/c)^3=3. (1/abc)
lại có S=\(\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}\)
=abc (\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\))
=3.\(\dfrac{abc}{abc}\)=1
chúc bạn học tốt ^ ^
Dễ CM : nếu x+y+z=0 thì x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(S=\dfrac{bc}{a^2}+\dfrac{ca}{b^2}+\dfrac{ab}{c^2}=\dfrac{abc}{a^3}+\dfrac{abc}{b^3}+\dfrac{abc}{c^3}=abc\left(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}\right)\\ =abc.\dfrac{1}{abc}=1\)
tử vế phải là 3 hay 2 vậy bạn.