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\(a,Ca(OH)_2+2HCl\to CaCl_2+2H_2O\\ b,n_{HCl}=1.0,3=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Ca(OH)_2}=n_{CaCl_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{Ca(OH)_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3(l)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{CaCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,3+0,3}=0,25M\)
a)
$K_2SO_4 + BaCl_2 \to BaSO_4 + 2KCl$
b)
$n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$
Ta thấy :
$n_{K_2SO_4} : 1 > n_{BaCl_2} : 1$ nên $K_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,3.233 = 69,9(gam)$
c) $n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)$
$V_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5(lít)$
$C_{M_{K_2SO_4} } = \dfrac{0,1}{0,5} = 0,2M$
$C_{M_{KCl}} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,5} = 1,2M$
\(a,H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,4=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{NaOH}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddNa_2SO_4}=0,4+1,6=2\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddNa_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(M\right)\)
a)
$n_{MgO} = \dfrac{8}{40} = 0,2(mol)$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{MgO} = 0,4(mol) \Rightarrow V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,4}{1} = 0,4(lít)$
b)
$n_{MgCl_2} = n_{MgO} = 0,2(mol) \Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,4} = 0,5M$
c)
$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{MgCl_2} = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = n_{MgCl_2} = 0,2(mol)$
Suy ra :
$V = \dfrac{0,4}{1} = 0,4(lít)$
$m_{Mg(OH)_2} = 0,2.58 = 11,6(gam)$
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2mol\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a)\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)=400ml\)
c) \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,2 0,2
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200ml\)
Sục V lít CO2 vào 300ml dd X gồm NaOH 1M và Ca(OH)2 1M, sau phản ứng thu được 98,5g kết tủa. Tính V.
a.
2Fe + 6H2SO4 —> Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O
2x 6x x 3x
Fe + Fe2(SO4)3 —> 3FeSO4
y y 3y
\(\rightarrow\) nFe = 2x + y = 37,5%.6x
m muối = 400(x - y) + 152 . 3y = 8,28
\(\rightarrow\) x = 0,02 và y = 0,005
\(\rightarrow\) nFe = 2x + y = 0,045
\(\rightarrow\)mFe = 2,52
b.
nNaOH = CM . V = 1 . 0,1 = 0,1 mol
nSO2 = 3x = 0,06mol
2NaOH + SO2 ---> Na2SO3 + H2O
0,1 0,05 0,05
Na2SO3 + SO2 + H2O ----> 2NaHSO3
0,01 0,01 0,02
\(\rightarrow\)dd sau phản ứng gồm: Na2SO3: 0,04mol và NaHSO3: 0,02mol
CM Na2SO3 = 0,04 : 0,1 = 0,4M
CM NaHSO3 = 0,02 : 0,1 = 0,2M
Tham khảo
Bài 1:
a) CuSO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2↓
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ NaOH dư
b) Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=m_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=40+60=100\left(ml\right)=0,1\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}pư=2n_{CuSO_4}=2\times0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}dư=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}dư=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
ZnCl2 + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Zn(OH)2↓ (1)
\(n_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\times1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,1\times1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{9}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{9}{2}>\dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ ZnCl2 dư
a) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=300+100=400\left(ml\right)=0,4\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}pư=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}dư=0,45-0,05=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}dư=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
b) Zn(OH)2 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) ZnO + H2O (2)
Theo pT1: \(n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pT2: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnO}=0,05\times81=4,05\left(g\right)\)
c) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O (3)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,1\times36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{25\%}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2NaOH + H2SO4 --> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
_______0,6<------0,3----------->0,3
=> V = \(\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6\left(l\right)\)
b) \(C_{M\left(Na_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6+0,3}=0,333M\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1.0,3=0,3(mol)\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_4\to Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,6(mol)\\ a,V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,6}{1}=0,6(l)\\ b,n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6+0,3}=0,33M\)