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Cho \(x;y;z\ge0\)và \(xy+yz+zx=1\)Tìm GTLN
\(Q=9\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-4\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2\ge2xy\\y^2+z^2\ge2yz\\z^2+x^2\ge2zx\end{matrix}\right.\)
cộng quế theo quế ta có : \(2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\ge0\forall x;y;z\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức ban đầu \(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=4x^2+4y^2+4z^2-4xy-4yz-4zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Vì xy + yz + zx = 1 ta có :
\(\frac{x-y}{z^2+1}+\frac{y-z}{x^2+1}+\frac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\frac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}+\frac{y-z}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}+\frac{z-x}{y^2+xy+yz+zx}\)
\(=\frac{x-y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{z-x}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(x+z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{0}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(ĐPCM)
Ta có:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\)
\(=\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-\left[3xy\left(x+y\right)+3xyz\right]\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)^3-3\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right).z-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2xz+2yx-3xz-3yz-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
=> \(x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)+3xyz\)
Ta có: x^2 +y^2+z^2=xy+yz+zx
=>2(x^2 +y^2+z^2)=2(xy+yz+zx)
=>2x^2+2y^2+2z^2=2xy+2yz+2zx
=>x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2-2yz+z^2+z^2-2zx+x^2=0
=>(x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=0
=>(x-y)^2=(y-z)^2=(z-x)^2=0
=>x=y=z