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Câu 1)
Ta có \(I=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{dx}{\sqrt{3+2x-x^2}}=\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{dx}{4-(x-1)^2}\).
Đặt \(x-1=2\cos t\Rightarrow \sqrt{4-(x-1)^2}=\sqrt{4-4\cos^2t}=2|\sin t|\)
Khi đó:
\(I=\int ^{\frac{2\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{d(2\cos t+1)}{2\sin t}=\int ^{\frac{2\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{2}}\frac{2\sin tdt}{2\sin t}=\int ^{\frac{2\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{2}}dt=\left.\begin{matrix} \frac{2\pi}{3}\\ \frac{\pi}{2}\end{matrix}\right|t=\frac{\pi}{6}\)
Câu 3)
\(K=\int ^{3}_{2}\ln (x^3-3x+2)dx=\int ^{3}_{2}\ln [(x+2)(x-1)^2]dx\)
\(=\int ^{3}_{2}\ln (x+2)d(x+2)+2\int ^{3}_{2}\ln (x-1)d(x-1)\)
Xét \(\int \ln tdt\): Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln t\\ dv=dt\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{dt}{t}\\ v=t\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int \ln t dt=t\ln t-t\)
\(\Rightarrow K=\left.\begin{matrix} 3\\ 2\end{matrix}\right|(x+2)[\ln (x+2)-1]+2\left.\begin{matrix} 3\\ 2\end{matrix}\right|(x-1)[\ln (x-1)-1]\)
\(=5\ln 5-4\ln 4-1+4\ln 2-2=5\ln 5-4\ln 2-3\)
Bài 2)
\(J=\int ^{1}_{0}x\ln (2x+1)dx\). Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln (2x+1)\\ dv=xdx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=\frac{2dx}{2x+1}\\ v=\frac{x^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Khi đó:
\(J=\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\frac{x^2\ln (2x+1)}{2}-\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{x^2}{2x+1}dx\)\(=\frac{\ln 3}{2}-\frac{1}{4}\int ^{1}_{0}(2x-1+\frac{1}{2x+1})dx\)
\(=\frac{\ln 3}{2}-\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\frac{x^2-x}{4}-\frac{1}{8}\int ^{1}_{0}\frac{d(2x+1)}{2x+1}=\frac{\ln 3}{2}-\left.\begin{matrix} 1\\ 0\end{matrix}\right|\frac{\ln (2x+1)}{8}\)
\(=\frac{\ln 3}{2}-\frac{\ln 3}{8}=\frac{3\ln 3}{8}\)
Câu 1:
Đặt \(\sqrt{lnx+1}=t\Rightarrow lnx=t^2-1\Rightarrow\frac{dx}{x}=2tdt\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int3t.2t.dt=6\int t^2dt=2t^3+C\)
\(=2\sqrt{\left(lnx+1\right)^3}+C=2\left(lnx+1\right)\sqrt{lnx+1}+C\)
\(=ln\left(x.e\right)^2\sqrt{ln\left(x.e\right)+0}\Rightarrow a=2;b=0\)
Câu 2:
\(\int\limits^b_ax^{-\frac{1}{2}}dx=2x^{\frac{1}{2}}|^b_a=2\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}\right)=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}=1\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{a}=1\\a^2+b^2=17\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=4\\a=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (lưu ý loại cặp nghiệm âm do \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\) chỉ xác định trên miền (a;b) dương)
Câu 4:
\(\int\frac{3x+a}{x^2+4}dx=\frac{3}{2}\int\frac{2x}{x^2+4}dx+a\int\frac{1}{x^2+4}dx\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}ln\left(x^2+4\right)+\frac{a}{2}arctan\left(\frac{x}{2}\right)+C\)
\(\Rightarrow a=2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^{\frac{e}{4}}_1ln\left(x\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{x}dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.lnx|^{\frac{e}{4}}_1-\int\limits^{\frac{e}{4}}_1dx=\frac{e}{4}.ln\left(\frac{e}{4}\right)-\frac{e}{4}+1=-\frac{ln\left(2^e\right)}{2}+1\)
Câu 5:
\(f'\left(x\right)=\int f''\left(x\right)dx=-\frac{1}{4}\int x^{-\frac{3}{2}}dx=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+C\)
\(f'\left(2\right)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+C=2+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\Rightarrow C=2\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+2\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\int f'\left(x\right)dx=\int\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}+2\right)dx=\sqrt{x}+2x+C_1\)
\(f\left(4\right)=\sqrt{4}+2.4+C_1=10\Rightarrow C_1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=2x+\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=\int f\left(x\right)dx=\int\left(2x+\sqrt{x}\right)dx=x^2+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x^3}+C_2\)
\(F\left(1\right)=1+\frac{2}{3}+C_2=1+\frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow C_2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow F\left(x\right)=x^2+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x^3}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0\left(x^2+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x^3}\right)dx=\frac{3}{5}\)
Câu 1:
\(2f\left(x\right)+3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)=5x\) (1)
Đặt \(t=\frac{2}{3x}\Rightarrow x=\frac{2}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=5.\frac{2}{3t}\Leftrightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3t}\right)+3f\left(t\right)=\frac{10}{3t}\)
\(\Rightarrow2f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+3f\left(x\right)=\frac{10}{3x}\Leftrightarrow3f\left(\frac{2}{3x}\right)+\frac{9}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}\) (2)
Trừ vế cho vế của (2) cho (1):
\(\frac{5}{2}f\left(x\right)=\frac{5}{x}-5x\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{2}{x}-2x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\frac{f\left(x\right)}{x}dx=\int\limits^1_{\frac{2}{3}}\left(\frac{2}{x^2}-2\right)dx=\left(-\frac{2}{x}-2x\right)|^1_{\frac{2}{3}}=\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 2:
\(3f\left(x\right)-4f\left(2-x\right)=-x^2-12x+16\) (1)
Đặt \(2-x=t\Rightarrow x=2-t\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-\left(2-t\right)^2-12\left(2-t\right)+16\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-t\right)-4f\left(t\right)=-t^2+16t-12\)
\(\Rightarrow3f\left(2-x\right)-4f\left(x\right)=-x^2+16x-12\)
\(\Rightarrow4f\left(2-x\right)-\frac{16}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{4}{3}x^2+\frac{64}{3}x-16\) (2)
Cộng (1) và (2):
\(-\frac{7}{3}f\left(x\right)=-\frac{14}{3}x^2+\frac{28}{3}x\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=2x^2-4x\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^2_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^2_0\left(2x^2-4x\right)dx=-\frac{8}{3}\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\frac{sinx}{sinx+cosx}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{sinx+cosx+sinx-cosx}{sinx+cosx}dx=\frac{1}{2}\int dx-\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{cosx-sinx}{sinx+cosx}dx\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{1}{2}\int\frac{d\left(sinx+cosx\right)}{sinx+cosx}=\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{1}{2}ln\left|sinx+cosx\right|+C\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\frac{1}{2}\\b=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\int cos^2xdx=\int\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}cos2x\right)dx=\frac{1}{2}x+\frac{1}{4}sin2x+C\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=\frac{1}{2}\\d=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow I=5\)
Câu 2:
\(I=\int\left(sin\left(lnx\right)-cos\left(lnx\right)\right)dx=\int sin\left(lnx\right)dx-\int cos\left(lnx\right)dx=I_1-I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int cos\left(lnx\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=cos\left(lnx\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=-\frac{1}{x}sin\left(lnx\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=x.cos\left(lnx\right)+\int sin\left(lnx\right)dx=x.cos\left(lnx\right)+I_1\)
\(\Rightarrow I=I_1-\left(x.cos\left(lnx\right)+I_1\right)=-x.cos\left(lnx\right)+C\)
b/ \(I=\int\limits sin\left(lnx\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=sin\left(lnx\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{x}cos\left(lnx\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x.sin\left(lnx\right)-\int cos\left(lnx\right)dx\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=cos\left(lnx\right)\\dv=dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=-\frac{1}{x}sin\left(lnx\right)dx\\v=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=x\left[sin\left(lnx\right)-cos\left(lnx\right)\right]-I\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{1}{2}x\left[sin\left(lnx\right)-cos\left(lnx\right)\right]|^{e^{\pi}}_1=\frac{1}{2}\left(e^{\pi}+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=2;b=\pi;c=1\)
Câu 1:
\(\int\limits^3_0\left(f'\left(x\right)+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\int\limits^3_0\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx+\frac{14}{3}=\frac{302}{15}\Rightarrow\int\limits^1_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx=\frac{232}{15}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_0\frac{f\left(x\right)dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=f\left(x\right)\\dv=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x+1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=f'\left(x\right)dx\\v=2\sqrt{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=2f\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}|^3_0-2\int\limits^3_0f'\left(x\right)\sqrt{x+1}dx\)
\(=4f\left(3\right)-2f\left(0\right)-2.\frac{232}{15}\)
\(=2\left(2f\left(3\right)-f\left(0\right)\right)-\frac{464}{15}=36-\frac{464}{15}=\frac{76}{15}\)
Câu 2:
\(I_1=\int\limits^3_1\frac{xf'\left(x\right)}{x+1}dx=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\frac{x}{x+1}\\dv=f'\left(x\right)dx\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\\v=f\left(x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_1=\frac{xf\left(x\right)}{x+1}|^3_1-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\frac{3.3}{3+1}-\frac{1.3}{1+1}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}-\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}\)
Ta có:
\(I=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)+lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\int\limits^3_1\frac{f\left(x\right)}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx+\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx=\frac{3}{4}+I_2\)
Xét \(I_2=\int\limits^3_1\frac{lnx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}dx\Rightarrow\) đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=lnx\\dv=\frac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\frac{dx}{x}\\v=\frac{-1}{x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I_2=\frac{-lnx}{x+1}|^3_1+\int\limits^3_1\frac{dx}{x\left(x+1\right)}=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+\int\limits^1_0\left(\frac{1}{x}-\frac{1}{x+1}\right)dx\)
\(=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\left(\frac{x}{x+1}\right)|^3_1=-\frac{1}{4}ln3+ln\frac{3}{4}-ln\frac{1}{2}=\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{3}{4}ln3-ln2\)
\(3f\left(x\right)+x.f'\left(x\right)=x^{2018}\Leftrightarrow3x^2.f\left(x\right)+x^3.f'\left(x\right)=x^{2020}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3.f\left(x\right)\right)'=x^{2020}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3f\left(x\right)=\frac{1}{2021}x^{2021}+C\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{x^{2018}}{2021}+\frac{C}{x^3}\)
Do \(f\left(x\right)\) có đạo hàm liên tục trên \(\left[0;1\right]\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) xác định tại \(x=0\Rightarrow C=0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\frac{x^{2018}}{2021}\)
Lấy tích phân 2 vế:
\(\int\limits^1_0f\left(x\right)dx=\int\limits^1_0\frac{x^{2018}}{2021}dx=\frac{1}{2019.2021}\)
Rất khó hiểu, hàm số này không thể liên tục trên R
Định nghĩa 1 hàm số liên tục tại \(x_0\) khi:
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x_0^+}f\left(x\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow x_0^-}f\left(x\right)=f\left(x_0\right)\)
Có nghĩa là hàm \(f\left(x\right)\) muốn liên tục thì trước hết phải là 1 đơn ánh: mỗi giá trị của \(x_0\) chỉ cho duy nhất một giá trị \(f\left(x_0\right)\)
Nhưng trong bài toán này, hàm \(f\) rõ ràng ko phải đơn ánh, một giá trị \(x_0\) sẽ cho tới 2 giá trị \(f\left(x_0\right)\) khác nhau
Ví dụ: cho \(x=0\) ta được \(f\left(1\right)=2\), nhưng \(x=-3\) thì \(f\left(1\right)=-1\ne3\)
Nguyên văn đề đây ạ: