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Gọi số mol Mg, Fe, Al là a, b, c
=> 24a + 56b + 27c = 23,8
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a------------------------->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------------------------->b
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
c------------------------->1,5c
=> a + b + 1,5c = \(\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + Cl2 --to--> MgCl2
a-->a
2Fe + 3Cl2 --to--> 2FeCl3
b--->1,5b
2Al + 3Cl2 --to--> 2AlCl3
c--->1,5c
=> \(a+1,5b+1,5c=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
=> a = 0,3; b = 0,2; c = 0,2
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,3.24=7,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi a, b, c là mol Fe, Al, Cr
\(m_{tang}=31,95\left(g\right)=m_{Cl}\Rightarrow n_{Cl}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3a+3b+3c=0,9\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\rightarrow n_{Cl}=n_{HCl}=2n_{H2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+3b+2c=0,7\left(2\right)\)
(1) trừ (2) \(\Rightarrow a+c=0,2\)
Nếu a= k thì c= 0,2-k mol
\(\Rightarrow3k+3b+3\left(0,2-k\right)=0,9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\%n_{Al}=\frac{0,1.100}{0,2+0,1}=66,67\%\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right),n_{Al}=c\left(mol\right),n_{Zn}=d\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\)\(BTe:\)
\(2a+2b+3c+2d=0.2\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTe:\)
\(3a+2b+3c+2c=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(2\right)-\left(1\right):a=0.3-0.2=0.1\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.1\cdot56}{32}\cdot100\%=17.5\%\)
3. PTHH: (1) Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
x______________2x______x___x(mol)
(2) 2 Al + 6 HCl -> 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2
y__________3y_____y___________1,5y(mol)
nH2= 5,6/22,4 =0,25 (mol)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=8,3\\x+1,5y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mFe= 0,1.56= 5,6(g) => %mFe=\(\frac{5,6}{8,3}.100\approx67,47\%\\ =>\%mAl\approx32,53\%\)
1)\(Mg+HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x____________________x
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
y ____________________1,5y
Giải hệ phương trình :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+\frac{3}{2y}=0,5\\24x+27y=10,2\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow x=y=0,2\)
\(\%_{Mg}=\frac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100\%=47,1\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,1\%=52,9\%\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
a_______________________a
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
b________________________a
\(\Rightarrow a+b=\frac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\rightarrow2FeCl_3\)
a______1,5a_________
\(Mg+Cl_2\rightarrow MgCl_2\)
b_______b________
\(\Rightarrow1,5a+b=\frac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\1,5a+b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\frac{0,1.24}{0,1.56+0,1.24}.100\%=30\%\)
Cj thế số vào HPT em xem với ạ