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Lời giải:
Ta viết lại biểu thức vế trái:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{a+b}{c}+\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{c+a}{b}=\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\)
\(=a\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+b\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ: \(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{4}{b+c}; \frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\geq \frac{4}{c+a}; \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{4}{a+b}\)
Do đó:
\(\text{VT}\geq a.\frac{4}{b+c}+b.\frac{4}{c+a}+c.\frac{4}{a+b}=4\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Có: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{c+a}{a}\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4b}{a+b}+\frac{4c}{b+c}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\)
\(\ge\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{c+a}+\frac{4b}{a+b}+\frac{4c}{b+c}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{4c}{c+a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\ge4+4+4\)
<=> \(\left(\frac{a+b}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+b}\right)+\left(\frac{b+c}{c}+\frac{4c}{b+c}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{c+a}\right)\ge12\)(1)
Áp dụng Cô-si: (1) đúng.
Vậy Bất đẳng thức ban đầu đúng.
"=" <=> a = b = c.
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+3\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+1\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+1\right)\ge4\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{b}-\frac{4a}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{c}-\frac{4b}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{a}-\frac{4c}{c+a}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{b\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{c\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{a\left(a+c\right)}\ge0\)
Luôn đúng vì a,b,c là các số dương
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Bớt 6 ở hai vế BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\frac{\left(8c-a-b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)^2}{4abc}\le\frac{\left(7a+7b-2c\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b+2c\right)\left(a+b-2c\right)^2}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(a-b\right)^2\left[\frac{7a+7b-2c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{8c-a-b}{2abc}\right]+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b-2c\right)^2\left[\frac{a+b+2c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}-\frac{a+b}{2abc}\right]\ge0\)
Tới phần khó chừa lại cho bạn:V
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)=9\left(dpcm\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=3+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}.\text{ÁP DỤNG BĐT CÔ SI TA ĐƯỢC:}\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=3+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{c}\right)\ge3+2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{a}}+2\sqrt{\frac{bc}{bc}}+2\sqrt{\frac{c}{a}.\frac{a}{c}}=3+2+2+2=9\)
\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2}{x^2y^2z^2}\)(1) với x+y+z=0. Bạn quy đồng vế trái (1) dc \(\frac{x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{\left(xy+yz+zx\right)^2-2\left(x+y+z\right)xyz}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(K=\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\).
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(a^2+c^2\right)-c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}=\frac{a^2+c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\).
Vì \(a,c>0\)nên áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si cho 2 số dương, ta được:
\(a^2+c^2\ge2ac\).
\(\Leftrightarrow c\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge2ac^2\).
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2ac^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\le\frac{c^2}{2ac^2}=\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge-\frac{1}{2a}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{c}-\frac{c^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}\left(1\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=c>0\) .
Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:
\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}\left(a,b>0\right)\left(2\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b>0\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta dược:
\(\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\left(b,c>0\right)\left(3\right)\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c>0\).
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\), ta được:
\(\frac{a^2}{c\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{b^2}{a\left(a^2+b^2\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\)\(\frac{1}{c}-\frac{1}{2a}+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{2b}+\frac{1}{b}-\frac{1}{2c}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\).
Mà \(ab+bc+ca=3abc\)(theo đề bài).
Do đó \(K\ge\frac{1}{2}.\frac{3abc}{abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3abc}{2abc}\).
\(\Leftrightarrow K\ge\frac{3}{2}\).
Dấu bằng xảy ra.
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c>0\\ab+bc+ca=3abc\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).
Vậy \(minK=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\).