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Giải:
Từ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\\c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3-c^3}{b^3+c^3-d^3}\left(2\right)\)
Kết hợp \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3-c^3}{b^3+c^3-d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}\) (Đpcm)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{a}\) = \(\dfrac{y}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{z}{c}\) = k \(\Rightarrow\)x=ak;y=bk ; z=ck.
(x+y+z)2=(ak+bk+ ck)2=[k(a+b+c)]2=
k2(a+b+c)2=k2(vì a+b+c=1nên(a+b+c)2=1)(1)
x2+y2+z2=(ka)2+(kb)2+(kc)2=k2a2+k2b2+k2b2
=k2(a2+b2+c2)=k2 (vì a2+b2+c2=1) (2)
Từ (1) và (2), \(\Rightarrow\) (x+y+z)2=x2+y2+z2=k2
Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{1}=x+y+z\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\left(1\right)\)
Từ \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\)
Áp dụng tc dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{1}=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=x^2+y^2+z^z\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
+Ta có :\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{1}\)(vì a + b+c =1)
=>\(\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}\right)=\left(\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}\right)=\left(\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\right)=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)2}{1}\)(1)
+Vì \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{1}\)(vì a2 + b2 + c2 =1 ) (2)
Từ (1) và(2)=> ( x + y + z )2 = x2 + y2 + z2.
Vậy.........
2.
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{a+b+c}=x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{x}{x+y+z}\\b=\dfrac{y}{x+y+z}\\c=\dfrac{z}{x+y+z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=x^2+y^2+z^2-2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\) (đpcm)
Bài 1.
a) Nhân 2 vào tỉ số thứ 2 rồi áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau.
Kết quả:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{8}{3}\\y=3\\z=\dfrac{8}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}\)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{4}=\dfrac{y^2}{9}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{4+9}=\dfrac{52}{13}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2=16\\y^2=36\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm4\\y=\pm6\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
Bài 2.
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)
Vậy ...
2:
b) Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=i\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bi\\c=di\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{c^2i}{d^2i}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^2=i^2\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2i^2+d^2i^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{i^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=i^2\)
Từ đó suy ra \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\) (đpcm)
Ta có:
\(a^2+ab+\dfrac{b^2}{3}=c^2+\dfrac{b^2}{3}+a^2+ac+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+ab+\dfrac{b^2}{3}=2c^2+\dfrac{b^2}{3}+a^2+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=2c^2+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ac=2ac+2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)=2c\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2c}{a}=\dfrac{b+c}{a+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
1) \(2VT=\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2ab+2bc+2ac=2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=2VP\)
\(VT\ge VP\)
2) \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{ab}{ab}}=2\)
Ai giúp đi, mik lazy lắm
\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}\)
\(VP=\dfrac{a^2+ac}{ac+c^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)}{c\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{a}{c}=VT\left(đpcm\right)\)