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1. Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk.dk}{bd}=k^2\) \(\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+\left(dk\right)^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2.k^2+d^2.k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\text{và (2)}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)
2. \(\left|5-\dfrac{3}{4}x\right|+\left|\dfrac{2}{7}y+3\right|=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|5-\dfrac{3}{4}x\right|\ge0\\\left|\dfrac{2}{7}y+3\right|\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left|5-\dfrac{3}{4}x\right|+\left|\dfrac{2}{7}y+3\right|\ge0\)
\(\text{Mà }\left|5-\dfrac{3}{4}x\right|+\left|\dfrac{2}{7}y+3\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|5-\dfrac{3}{4}x\right|=0\\\left|\dfrac{2}{7}y+3\right|=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5-\dfrac{3}{4}x=0\\\dfrac{2}{7}y+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{4}x=5\\\dfrac{2}{7}x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{20}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{21}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{Vậy }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{20}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{21}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3. \(\dfrac{1}{2}a=\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{3}{4}c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{4}{3}}\)
\(\text{Mà }a-b=15\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{a-b}{2-\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{15}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=30\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{2}=30\Rightarrow a=30.2=60\\\dfrac{b}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=30\Rightarrow b=30.\dfrac{3}{2}=45\\\dfrac{c}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=30\Rightarrow c=30.\dfrac{4}{3}=40\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\text{Vậy }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=60\\b=45\\c=40\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Vừa nhìn đề biết ngay sai
Sửa đề:
Chứng minh: \(P\left(-1\right).P\left(-2\right)\le0\)
Giải:
Ta có:
\(P\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P\left(-1\right)=a.\left(-1\right)^2+b.\left(-1\right)+c\\P\left(-2\right)=a.\left(-2\right)^2+b.\left(-2\right)+c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}P\left(-1\right)=a-b+c\\P\left(-2\right)=4a-2b+c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(-1\right)+P\left(-2\right)=\left(a-b+c\right)+\left(4a-2b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+4a\right)-\left(b+2b\right)+\left(c+c\right)\)
\(=5a-3b+2c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(-1\right)=-P\left(-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\left(-1\right).P\left(-2\right)=-P^2\left(-2\right)\le0\) vì \(P^2\left(-2\right)\ge0\)
Vậy nếu \(5a-3b+2c=0\) thì \(P\left(-1\right).P\left(-2\right)\le0\)
b) Giải:
Từ giả thiết suy ra:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\\c^2=bd\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\left(1\right)\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a.b.c}{b.c.d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\) (Đpcm)
a) Có P(1) = a.\(1^2\)+b.1+c = a+b+c
P(2) = a.\(2^2\)+b.2+c = 4a+2b+c
=>P(1)+P(2) = a+b+c+4a+2b+c = 5a+3b+2c = 0
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}P\left(1\right)=P\left(2\right)=0\\P\left(1\right)=-P\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu P(1) = P(2) => P(1).P(2) = 0
Nếu P(1) = -P(2) => P(1).P(2) < 0
Vậy P(1).P(2)\(\le\)0
b) Từ \(b^2=ac\) =>\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\) (1)
\(c^2=bd\) =>\(\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Áp dụng tc của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
Ta có:
\(a^2+ab+\dfrac{b^2}{3}=c^2+\dfrac{b^2}{3}+a^2+ac+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+ab+\dfrac{b^2}{3}=2c^2+\dfrac{b^2}{3}+a^2+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow ab=2c^2+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ac=2ac+2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)=2c\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2c}{a}=\dfrac{b+c}{a+c}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Giải:
Từ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\\c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
Theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{b+c-d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}\left(1\right)\)
Mà \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3-c^3}{b^3+c^3-d^3}\left(2\right)\)
Kết hợp \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{a^3+b^3-c^3}{b^3+c^3-d^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)^3}{\left(b+c-d\right)^3}\) (Đpcm)
\(b^2=a.c\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{a}{b}\)
\(c^2=b.d\)
⇔ \(\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{b}{c}\)
⇒ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
⇒ \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Câu a, b, c giống dạng nhau nên mình làm một câu a và câu d thôi nha, bạn tham khảo ^^
Giải:
a) \(a=\dfrac{b}{2}=\dfrac{c}{3}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ sô bằng nhau:
\(a=\dfrac{b}{2}=\dfrac{c}{3}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{1-2+3}=\dfrac{10}{2}=5\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=5.1=5\\b=2.5=10\\c=3.5=15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(a:b:c=3:4:5\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{4}=\dfrac{c}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{9}=\dfrac{b^2}{16}=\dfrac{c^2}{25}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{18}=\dfrac{2b^2}{32}=\dfrac{3c^2}{75}\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ sô bằng nhau:
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{18}=\dfrac{2b^2}{32}=\dfrac{3c^2}{75}=\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2-3c^2}{18+32-75}=\dfrac{-100}{-25}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{4.18}{2}=36\\b^2=\dfrac{4.32}{2}=64\\c^2=\dfrac{4.75}{3}=100\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\pm6\\b=\pm8\\c=\pm10\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: \(=\left(15x^2y^3-12x^2y^3\right)+\left(7x^2-12x^2\right)+\left(-8x^3y^2+11x^3y^2\right)\)
\(=3x^2y^3-5x^2+3x^3y^2\)
bậc là 5
b: \(=\left(3x^5y-\dfrac{1}{2}x^5y\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}xy^4+2xy^4\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{4}x^2y^3-x^2y^3\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{2}x^5y+\dfrac{7}{3}xy^4-\dfrac{1}{4}x^2y^3\)
Bậc là 6
c: \(=5xy-2xy+4xy-y^2+3x-2y\)
\(=-y^2+3x-2y+7xy\)
Bậc là 2
2.
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\left(1\right)\)
Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)