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cau 1 ne:
a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 3
theo bat dang thuc cosi ban se co
a^2 + a + 1 >= 3a
b^2 + b + 1 >= 3b
c^2 + c + 1 >= 3c
cong 3 ve bat dang thuc lai voi nhau ban se co
a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + (a + b + c) + 3>= 3(a + b + c)
=> a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 3 >= 2(a + b + c)
dau = xay ra <=> a= b= c = 1
ma theo de bai ta lai co a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + 3 = 2(a + b + c)
=> a = b = c = 1 (dpcm)
b) (a - b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c - a)^2 = (a + b - 2c)^2 + (b + c - 2a)^2 + (c + a - 2b)^2
hay (a + b - 2b)^2 + (b + c - 2c)^2 + (c + a - 2a)^2 = (a + b - 2c)^2 + (b + c - 2a)^2 + (c + a - 2b)^2
dat. a + b = A
b + c = B
c + a = C
=> ban se co:
(A - 2b)^2 + (B - 2c)^2 + (C - 2a)^2 = (A - 2c)^2 + (B - 2a)^2 + (C - 2b)^2
tu day ban nhan pha ra roi rut gon 2 ve cho nhau ban se co
Ab + Bc + Ca = Ac + Ba + Cb
hay (a + b)b + (b + c)c + (c + a)a = (a + b)c + (b + c)a + (c + a)b
hay ab + b^2 + bc + c^2 + ac + a^2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ac
hay a^2 + b^2 + c^2 - ab - bc - ac = 0
hay 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ac = 0
hay (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 +(c - a)^2 = 0
dau = xay ra <=> a = b = c (dpcm)
c) a^3 + b^3 + c^3 + d^3 = (a + b)(a^2 -ab +b^2) + (c+d)(c^2 - cd + d^2) (**)
ban nhan thay a + b + c + d = 0
=> a + b = - c - d
thay vao pt (**) ban se co
-(c + d)(a^2 - ab + b^2) + (c + d)(c^2 - cd + d^2)
(c + d)(c^2 - cd + d^2 -a^2 + ab - b^2)
hay (c + d)(ab - cd + (c^2 + d^2 - a^2 - b^2)) (***)
ban co a + b = - c - d
hay (a + b)^2 = (c + d)^2
hay a^2 + b^2 + 2ab = c^2 + d^2 + 2cd
hay c^2 + d^2 - a^2 - b^2 = 2ab - 2cd
thay vao pt (***) ban se co
(c + d)(ab - cd + 2ab - 2cd)
hay (c +d)(3ab - 3cd) = 3(c+d)(ab - cd) (dpcm)
a) a3+b3+a2c+b2c-abc
= (a+b)(a2-ab+b2)+c(a2+b2)-abc
=(a+b) [ (a+b)2-3ab]+c.[(a+b)2-2ab]-abc
=(a+b)(a+b)2-3ab(a+b)+c(a+b)2-3abc
=(a+b)2(a+b+c)-3ab(a+b+c)
=(a+b)2.0-3ab.0
=0
b) ax+ay+2x+2y+4
=a(x+y)+2(x+y)+4
=(x+y)(a+2)+4
=(a-2)(a+2)+4
=a2-4+4
=a2
c) A=1+x+x2+...+x49=>Ax=x+x2+x3+...+x50
- A=1+x+x2+...+x49
---> Ax-A=x50-1
d)(a+b)(a+c)+(c+a)(c+b)
=a2+ac+ab+bc+c2+bc+ac+ab
=a2+c2+2ac+2ab+2bc
=2b2+2bc+2ac+2ab
=2b(b+c)+2a(b+c)
=2b(b+c)(b+a)
Ta có:
(a+b+c)2=a2+b2+c2
a2+b2+c2+2ab+2ac+2bc=a2+b2+c2
2(ab+bc+ca)=0
ab+bc+ca=0
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^3b^3c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
\(\dfrac{a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3}{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
\(a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\left(ab+bc\right)^3-3ab^2c\left(ab+bc\right)+a^3c^3-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^3-3ca\left(ab+bc\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3ab^2c\left(-ac\right)-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
\(0+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2+0=0\)
0=0(luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh
Ta có : \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-a^2-b^2-c^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=3a^2b^2c^2\)
Chia cả 2 vế cho \(a^3b^3c^3\) , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3=x^3+y^3+z^3+\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-3xyz\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=> \(2ab+2ac+2bc=0\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\)
KHi đó:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^3=\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)-\frac{3}{abc}\)
=> \(0=\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}+0-\frac{3}{abc}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{b^3}+\frac{1}{c^3}=\frac{3}{abc}\)
Câu 9.
a) Ta có: \(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)(điều hiển nhiên)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2a+1\ge4a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)^2\ge4a\left(đpcm\right)\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số không âm:
\(a+1\ge2\sqrt{a}\)
\(b+1\ge2\sqrt{b}\)
\(c+1\ge2\sqrt{c}\)
\(\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge8\sqrt{abc}=8\)(Vì abc = 1)
Câu 10.
a) Ta có: \(-\left(a-b\right)^2\le0\)(điều hiển nhiên)
\(\Leftrightarrow-a^2+2ab-b^2\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\le2a^2+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\le2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
b) \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
Có: \(2ab\le a^2+b^2;2bc\le b^2+c^2;2ac\le a^2+c^2\)(BĐT Cauchy)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vậy \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
=>\(2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)=0\)
=>ab+bc+ac=0
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3}+\dfrac{1}{b^3}+\dfrac{1}{c^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3}{\left(abc\right)^3}=\dfrac{3}{abc}\)
=>\(\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ac\right)^3+\left(ab\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(ab+bc\right)+\left(ac\right)^3=3\left(abc\right)^2\)
=>\(\left(-ac\right)^3-3\cdot ab\cdot bc\cdot\left(-ac\right)+\left(ac\right)^3-3\left(abc\right)^2=0\)
=>\(-a^3c^3+a^3c^3+3a^2b^2c^2-3a^2b^2c^2=0\)
=>0=0(đúng)