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Bài 1:
ta có: a + b + c = 0 => a + b = - c => (a+b)2 = (-c)2 => a2 + 2ab + b2 = c2 => a2 + b2 - c2 = -2ab
chứng minh tương tự, ta có: b2 + c2 -a2 = -2bc; c2 + a2 - b2 = -2ac
\(A=\frac{ab}{a^2+b^2-c^2}+\frac{bc}{b^2+c^2-a^2}+\frac{ca}{c^2+a^2-b^2}\)
\(A=\frac{ab}{-2ab}+\frac{bc}{-2bc}+\frac{ca}{-2ac}=-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}=-\frac{3}{2}\)
=> A là số hữu tỉ
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Ta có : \(a^3+b^3=c\left(3ab-c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-bc-ca+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\) ( Vì \(a+b+c=3\) )
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Mà : \(a+b+c=3\Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=675\left(1^{2018}+1^{2018}+1^{2018}\right)+1=675.3+1=2026\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta có:
\(a^2-20b+81+b^2+18c+9+c^2+6a+100=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+6a+9\right)+\left(b^2-20b+100\right)+\left(c^2+18c+81\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^2+2.a.3+3^2\right)+\left(b^2-2.b.10+10^2\right)+\left(c^2+2.9.c+9^2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+3\right)^2+\left(b-10\right)^2+\left(c+9\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+3=0\\b-10=0\\c+9=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}a=-3\\b=10\\c=-9\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó: \(M=\left(a+2\right)^{2017}+\left(b-9\right)^{2018}+\left(c+9\right)^{2018}\)
\(=\left(-3+2\right)^{2017}+\left(10-9\right)^{2018}+\left(-9+9\right)^{2018}\)
\(=-1+1+0=0\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3-a^2+b^2+c^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-1\right)+b^2\left(b-1\right)+c^2\left(c-1\right)=0\)
Mà \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a\le1\\b\le1\\c\le1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}1-a0\\1-b\ge0\\1-c\ge0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2\left(1-a\right)+b^2\left(1-b\right)+c^2\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a^2\left(1-a\right)=b^2\left(1-b\right)=c^2\left(1-c\right)\)
Kết hợp với giả thiết
=> a,b,c hoán vị 1;0;0
=> S= 1
\(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
Viết lại đề như sau: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=3\\2xy-z^2=9\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz-2xy+z^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+2z^2+2yz+2xz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=-z\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=-\frac{1}{c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=-c\)
\(M=\left(a-3b+c\right)^{2018}=\left(a-3a-a\right)^{2018}=\left(3a\right)^{2018}\)