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a2(b+c)2+5bc+b2(a+c)2+5ac≥4a29(b+c)2+4b29(a+c)2=49(a2(1−a)2+b2(1−b)2)(vì a+b+c=1)
a2(1−a)2−9a−24=(2−x)(3x−1)24(1−a)2≥0(vì )<a<1)
⇒a2(1−a)2≥9a−24
tương tự: b2(1−b)2≥9b−24
⇒P⩾49(9a−24+9b−24)−3(a+b)24=(a+b)−94−3(a+b)24.
đặt t=a+b(0<t<1)⇒P≥F(t)=−3t24+t−94(∗)
Xét hàm (∗) được: MinF(t)=F(23)=−19
⇒MinP=MinF(t)=−19.dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=13
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(VT=\frac{a^3}{a^2+ab+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+bc+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+ca+a^2}\)
\(=\frac{a^4}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}+\frac{b^4}{b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)}+\frac{c^4}{c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+b\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+c\left(c^2+ca+a^2\right)}\)
Cần chứng minh \(\frac{\left(Σ_{cyc}a^2\right)^2}{Σ_{cyc}a\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)}\ge\frac{Σ_{cyc}a}{3}\)
Nhân ra và nó đúng theo BĐT Schur
\(M\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\sqrt{1-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
\(\text{Đặt }t=\sqrt{1-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=\frac{1-t^2}{2}\)
\(\text{Ta có: }0\le ab+bc+ca\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\in\left[0;\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\in\left[-\frac{2}{3};0\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow1-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\in\left[\frac{1}{3};1\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow t\in\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}};1\right]\)
\(M=3.\frac{1-t^2}{2}+2t=-\frac{3}{2}t^2+2t+\frac{3}{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên hàm bậc 2, suy ra \(\text{Min }M\text{ (}t\in\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}};1\right]\text{) }=2\text{ tại }t=1\)
Vậy GTNN của M là 2 khi t = 1 hay \(ab+bc+ca=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;0;0\right);\left(0;0;1\right);\left(0;1;0\right)\)
P=\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)\(+a^3+b^3+c^3-2\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)+ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\)\(=1+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)\(-2\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)+\left(ab^2+bc^2+ca^2\right)\)\(=1+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\)
Mà \(\left(a^2b+b^2c+c^2a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)\ge\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\)
=> \(P\le1+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\). Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=t\le\frac{1}{3}\)
=> \(P\le-3\left(t^2-\frac{2}{3}t+\frac{1}{9}\right)+2t+\frac{4}{3}\le-3\left(t-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+\frac{2}{3}+\frac{4}{3}\le2\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(t=\frac{1}{3}\)<=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)+3abc\)
\(=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+3abc\)
Xét: \(4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\ge9\)(1)
<=> \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-3abc\ge9\)
<=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-3abc\ge9\)
<=> \(ab+bc+ac\ge3abc\)
<=> \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\)(2)
Để chứng (1) đúng ta cần chứng minh (2) đúng
Thật vậy ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}=\frac{9}{3}=3\)
=> (2) đúng
Vậy (1) đúng
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c =1 .
Bài 3
Với abc=1
Ta CM \(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}=1\)
\(VT=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{abc+ab+a}+\frac{ab}{a^2bc+abc+ac}\)
\(=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{ab}{ab+a+1}=1\)(ĐPCM)
Ta có \(\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5=\left(a^2+b^2\right)+2a+6\ge2ab+2a+6\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5}{ab+a+4}=\frac{2ab+2a+6}{ab+a+4}=2-\frac{2}{ab+a+4}\)
Mà \(\frac{1}{ab+a+4}=\frac{1}{ab+a+1+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)(do \(\frac{1}{x+y}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\))
=> \(\frac{\left(1+a\right)^2+b^2+5}{ab+a+4}\ge2-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{3}\right)=\frac{11}{6}-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{ab+a+1}\)
Khi đó
\(P\ge\frac{11}{2}-\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ac+c+1}\right)=\frac{11}{2}-\frac{1}{2}.1=5\)
\(MinP=5\)khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}+\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}+\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{a^2+b^2+ab}=a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^2+b^2+ab}\ge a-\dfrac{ab\left(a+b\right)}{3\sqrt[3]{a^3b^3}}=a-\dfrac{a+b}{3}=\dfrac{2a-b}{3}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{b^2+c^2+bc}\ge\dfrac{2b-c}{3}\) ; \(\dfrac{c^3}{c^2+a^2+ca}\ge\dfrac{2c-a}{3}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}=673\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=673\)