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Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)
Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)
Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)
\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)
\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)
Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab+bc+ac}{abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac=1\)
\(A=\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\Leftrightarrow1=\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right).abc\Leftrightarrow1=bc+ac+ab\)
\(A=\left(bc+ac+ab+a^2\right)\left(bc+ac+ab+b^2\right)\left(bc+ac+ab+c^2\right)\)
\(A=\left[c\left(a+b\right)+a\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[c\left(a+b\right)+b\left(a+b\right)\right]\left[c\left(c+b\right)+a\left(c+b\right)\right]\)
\(A=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(A=\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a+c\right)^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)
sửa đề là chứng minh nó <=1 nha !
ta có \(\frac{2}{\left(a+1\right)^2+b^2+1}=\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2a+2}\)
mà \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Rightarrow\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+2a+2}\le\frac{2}{2ab+2a+2}=\frac{1}{ab+a+1}\)
tương rự, ta có \(...\le\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}\)
mà từ abc=1, ta có thể chứng minh \(\frac{1}{ab+a+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+c+1}=1\)
=>...<=1(ĐPCM)
dấu = xảy ra <=>a=b=c=1
^_^
1. Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy dạng Engle, ta có :
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{9}{a+b+c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^3+b^3+a+b\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)+ab\le a^2+b^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)-ab\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+1-ab\right)\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\)
Vì a, b dương \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+1-ab>0\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b}{3}-1\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow a+b\le3\)
\(M=\frac{a^2+8}{a}+\frac{b^2+2}{b}=a+\frac{8}{a}+b+\frac{2}{b}=2a+2b+\frac{8}{a}+\frac{2}{b}-\left(a+b\right)\ge8+4-3=9\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy cho a ; b dương
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=2;b=1\)
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)\(\Rightarrow3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\le3\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{abc+a^2\left(b+c\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{a\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{1}{3a}\)
\(CMTT\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1+b^2\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{3b}\)
\(\frac{1}{1+c^2\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{1}{3c}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{3c}\)\(=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{3abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Xí trước phần b
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2b+ca^2}+\frac{ca}{b^2c+ab^2}+\frac{ab}{c^2a+bc^2}\)
\(=\frac{b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c+a^2bc^2}+\frac{c^2a^2}{ab^2c^2+a^2b^2c}+\frac{a^2b^2}{a^2bc^2+ab^2c^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(bc\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(ca\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(ab\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(a=b=c=1\)
Cách làm khác của phần b ngắn gọn hơn:)
Ta có; \(\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}\right)^2}{ab+ca}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{b}\right)^2}{bc+ab}+\frac{\left(\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{ca+bc}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{\left(\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: a = b = c = 1
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 2 số không âm :
\(x^2+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{x^2}{x}}=2.\sqrt{x}\)
\(y^2+\frac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt[2]{\frac{y^2}{y}}=2.\sqrt{y}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được :
\(x^2+y^2+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge2.\sqrt{x}+2.\sqrt{y}=2\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng mình
Ta đi chứng minh:\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)* đúng *
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\le\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}=\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b^3+c^3+abc}\le\frac{a}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)};\frac{1}{c^3+a^3+abc}\le\frac{b}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow LHS\le\frac{a+b+c}{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}.\)
\(=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(vì abc=1)
\(=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\right)\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Ta có \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)(bất đẳng thức cô si cho ba số không âm)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\ge3\)
Dễ thấy : \(2x^2-7x+3=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\ge0\)
Hay \(2\left(a+b+c\right)^2-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge7\left(a+b+c\right)-3\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c=1\)
Đặt A = a + b + c .
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 3 số thực dương ta có : \(A\ge3^3\sqrt{abc}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\cdot\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)^2-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A^2-7A+3=\left(2A-1\right)\left(A-3\right)\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)