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a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,15 0,3 0,15 0,15
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(a,n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{6,2}{62}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,1 0,1 0,2
\(C_{M\left(A\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\)
a) Đặt: nMg=x(mol); nZnO=y(mol)
nH2SO4= 0,2(mol)
PTHH: Mg + H2SO4 -> MgSO4 + H2
x___________x____x_______x(mol)
ZnO + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2O
y____y______y(mol)
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+81y=12,9\\22,4x=4,48\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
mMg=0,2.24=4,8(g)
%mMg=(4,8/12,9).100=37,209%
=>%mZnO=62,791%
b) nH2SO4=x+y=0,3(mol)
=> \(C\%ddH2SO4=\dfrac{0,3.98}{120}.100=24,5\%\)
1/ nNaCl=5,85/58,5=0,1 mol.
nAgNO3=34/170=0,2 mol.
PTPU: NaCl+AgNO3=>AgCl+NaNO3
vì NaCl và AgNO3 phan ung theo ti le 1:1 (nAgNO3 p.u=nNaCl=0,1 mol)
=>AgNO3 du
nAgNO3 du= 0,2-0,1=0,1 mol.
Ta tinh luong san pham theo chat p.u het la NaCl
sau p.u co: AgNO3 du:0,1 mol; AgCl ket tua va NaCl: nAgCl=nNaNO3=nNaCl=0,1 mol.V(dd)=300+200=500ml=0,5 ()l
=>khoi lg ket tua: mAgCl=0,1.143,5=14,35 g
C(M)AgNO3=C(M)NaNO3=n/V=0,1/0,5=0,2 M
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ a,Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe}=0,1(mol);n_{HCl}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g)\\ C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,25}=0,8M\\ b,m_{dd_{HCl}}=250.1,12=280(g)\\ n_{FeCl_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{5,6+280-0,1.2}.100\%=4,45\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=2.36,5=73g\)
=> \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{73}{73+327}\times100\%=18,25\%\)
b.
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{250.18,25\%}{36,5}=1,25mol\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{50}{100}=0,5mol\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{HClpu}=0,5.2=1mol\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCldu}=1,25-1=0,25\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddpu}=50+250-0,5.44=278g\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{278}.100\%=3,28\%\)
\(C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,5.111}{278}.100\%=19,96\%\)
PTHH: \(CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\) (1)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CaCO_3}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{25,6}\cdot100\%=78,125\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CaO}=21,875\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,4mol\\n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{CaO}=2\cdot\dfrac{25,6-20}{56}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6\cdot36,5}{210\cdot1,05}\cdot100\%\approx9,93\%\)
a, \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.84}{64,8}.100\%\approx25,93\%\\\%m_{MgSO_4}\approx74,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, - Dung dịch C gồm: MgCl2, MgSO4 và HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=64,8-0,2.84=48\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{120}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 64,8 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 156 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{156}.100\%\approx12,18\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{156}.100\%\approx2,34\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{156}.100\%\approx30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PT: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(MgSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}+n_{MgSO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{MgO}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)