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Gọi n Fe = a (mol )
n Mg = b (mol ) (a,b > 0)
--> 56a+24b = 13,2
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a 2a a a
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b 2b b b
----> a+b=0,35
Ta có hệ Pt :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=13,2\\a+b=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ PT , ta có :
a= 0,15
b = 0,2 (mol )
\(V_{HClđủ}=\left(0,15.2+0,2.2\right):0,5=1,4\left(l\right)\)
\(a,m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{13,2}.100\%\approx63,64\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\)
\(b,m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\)
\(c,HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{100.8}{100}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{HCldư}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{HCl}=V_{HClđủ}+V_{HCldư}=1,4+0,4=1,8\left(l\right)\)
4g chất rắn không tan là Cu
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}+Al=13-4=9\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\frac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
x____________________1,5x
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
y_____________________y
Gọi x, y lần lượt là nAl và nMg, ta có:
Giải hệ PT:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+24y=9\\1,5x+y=0,45\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{A;}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=\frac{5,4}{13}.100\%=41,54\%\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\frac{3,6}{13}.100\%=27,7\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=100\%-\left(41,54+27,7\right)=30,76\%\)
a, Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 9,2 (g) (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
BT e, có: 2nMg + 2nFe = 2nH2 = 0,5 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{9,2}.100\%\approx39,13\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx60,87\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\)
1)nH2= 0,224/22,4=0,01(mol)
Mg +2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
0,01<----------------- 0,01
mMg= 0,01x 24= 0,24(g)
mCu= 0,56- 0,24= 0,32(g)
%Mg = 0,24/0.56x 100% = 42,86%
%Cu = 0,32/0,56 x 100% = 57,14%
2) nHCl = 0,6 x 1 = 0,6 (mol)
Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2<- 0,4<- 0,2 <- 0,2
nHCl = 0,6- 0,4 = 0,2 (mol)
ZnO + 2HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2O
0,1 <- 0,2
=> mZn = 0,2 x 65 = 13(g)
mZnO = 0,1 x 81 = 8,1 (g)
nH2= 0,35(mol)
a) PTHH: Mg + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
x_________2x_______x______x(mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
y________2y________y_____y(mol)
Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)
a)
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)
\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2
Vậy :
\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)
b)
Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng :
\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)
Sửa đề: đktc → đkc
a, \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: 24nMg + 56nFe = 13,2 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,6765}{24,79}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,35\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{13,2}.100\%\approx36,36\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx63,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m muối khan = 0,2.95 + 0,15.127 = 38,05 (g)
3/
a/
CuO+2HCl→CuCl\(_2\)+H\(_2\)O
0,05 0,1 0,05
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl\(_3\)+3H\(_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15(mol)
n\(_{H_2}\)=\(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15(mol)
m\(_{Al}\)=0,1.27=2,7(g)
⇔%m\(_{Al}\)=\(\dfrac{2,7}{6,7}.100\%\)≃40,3%
→%m\(_{CuO}\)=100%-40,3%=59,7%
b/
m\(_{CuO}\)=6,7-2,7=4(g)
n\(_{CuO}\)=\(\dfrac{4}{80}\)=0,05(mol)
m\(_{HCl}\)=(0,1+0,3).36,5=14,6(g)
m\(_{dd}\)=\(\dfrac{14,6.100\%}{14,6\%}\)=100(g)
m\(_{CuCl_2}\)=0,05.135=6,75(g)
C%\(_{CuCl_2}\)=\(\dfrac{6,75}{100}.100\%\)=6,75%
m\(_{AlCl_3}\)=0,1.133,5=13,35(g)
C%\(_{AlCl_3}\)=\(\dfrac{13,35}{100}.100\%\)=13,35%
1/
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl\(_3\)+3H\(_2\)
a a 3/2a (mol)
Fe+2HCl→FeCl\(_2\)+H\(_2\)
b b b (mol)
n\(_{H_2}\)=\(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)=0,4(mol)
a/
gọi số mol của Al là a;số mol của Fe là b,ta có hệ phương trình:
27a+56b=11
\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a+b=0,4
⇔ a=0,2(mol)
b=0,1(mol)
→m\(_{Al}\)=27.0,2=5,4(g)
⇔%m\(_{Al}\)=\(\dfrac{5,4}{11}.100\%\)≃49,1%
→%m\(_{Fe}\)=100%-49,1%=50,9%
b/
m\(_{AlCl_3}\)=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)
m\(_{FeCl_2}\)=0,1.127=12,7(g)
→m\(_{muối}\)=26,7+12,7=39,4(g)
\(1.M+2HCl->MCl_2+H_2\\MCO_3+2HCl->MCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ n_A=4,48:22,4=0,2mol\\ n_{H_2}=a;n_{CO_2}=b\\ a+b=0,2\\ 2a+44b=0,2.11,5.2\\ a=b=0,1\\ 0,1\left(M+M+60\right)=10,8\\ M=24\left(Mg:magnesium\right)\\ b.\%V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}.100\%=50\%\\ \%V_{CO_2}=50\% \)
\(2.M:nguyên.tố.chung\\ a.M+2HCl->MCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_M=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\\ M_M=\dfrac{4,4}{0,15}=29,33\\ A,B:liên.tiếp\left(nhóm.IIA\right)\Rightarrow A:Mg\left(24\right),B:Ca\left(40\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(tt\right)}=0,25\cdot0,3:1=0,075\left(L\right)\)
