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1.
C/m bổ đề: \(a^3-b^3\ge\frac{1}{4}\left(a^3-b^3\right)\) với \(\forall a,b\in R,a\ge b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^3-4b^3-\left(a^3-3a^2b+3ab^2-b^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^3+3a^2b-3ab^2-3b^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2-b^2\right)\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
Theo bài ra: \(a^3-b^3\ge3a-3b-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) Cần c/m: \(\left(a-b\right)^3\ge12a-12b-16\)(1)
Thật vậy:
\(\left(1\right)\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^3-12\left(a-b\right)+16\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\left(a-b\right)^3-8\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a-b\right)+4\right]-12\left(a-b-2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2+2\left(a+b\right)-8\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b-2\right)^2\left(a-b+4\right)\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b thỏa mãn \(a,b\in R,a\ge b\))
2.
\(BĐT\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\frac{a+b}{ab}}+\frac{1}{\frac{c+d}{cd}}\le\frac{1}{\frac{a+b+c+d}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{cd}{c+d}\le\frac{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab\left(c+d\right)+cd\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+d\right)}\le\)\(\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc+abd+acd+bcd}{ac+ad+bc+bd}\le\frac{ab+ad+bc+cd}{a+b+c+d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad+ab+bc+cd\right)\left(ac+ad+bc+bd\right)\ge\)\(\left(a+b+c+d\right)\left(abc+abd+acd+bcd\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad\right)^2-2abcd+\left(bc\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ad-bc\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng với mọi a,b,c,d>0)
1.
\(6=\frac{\sqrt{2}^2}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{3}^2}{y}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}{x+y}=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}=\frac{y}{\sqrt{3}}\\x+y=\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tự giải hệ tìm điểm rơi nếu thích, số xấu quá
2.
\(VT\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\frac{81}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}}\)
Đặt \(x+y+z=t\Rightarrow0< t\le1\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{t^2+\frac{81}{t^2}}=\sqrt{t^2+\frac{1}{t^2}+\frac{80}{t^2}}\ge\sqrt{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{t^2}}+\frac{80}{1^2}}=\sqrt{82}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
3.
\(\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{a^2}{b^5}+\frac{1}{a^3}+\frac{1}{a^3}\ge5\sqrt[5]{\frac{a^6}{b^{15}.a^6}}=\frac{5}{b^3}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{3b^2}{c^5}+\frac{2}{b^3}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\) ; \(\frac{3c^2}{d^5}+\frac{2}{c^3}\ge\frac{5}{d^3}\) ; \(\frac{3d^2}{a^5}+\frac{2}{d^2}\ge\frac{5}{a^3}\)
Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn ta được: \(3VT\ge3VP\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
4.
ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le2\)
\(y^2=\left(x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\right)^2\le2\left(x^2+4-x^2\right)=8\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le2\sqrt{2}\Rightarrow y_{max}=2\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=\sqrt{2}\)
Mặt khác do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-2\\\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{4-x^2}\ge-2\)
\(y_{min}=-2\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)-ab\left(a+b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( đúng )
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
a) Áp dụng BĐT trên ta có:
\(\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+abc}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}\right)=\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{ab}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{\left(a+b+c\right)\cdot abc}=\frac{1}{abc}\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c\)
b) \(\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a^3+b^3+1}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)+abc}\right)=\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{ab}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{a+b+c}\right)\right]=\frac{1}{abc}=1\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)
c) \(\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a+b+1}\right)\le\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}\left(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}\right)+\sqrt[3]{abc}}\right)=\Sigma\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}\left(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\right)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{ca}}\right)=\frac{\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}}{\left(\sqrt[3]{a}+\sqrt[3]{b}+\sqrt[3]{c}\right)\cdot\sqrt[3]{abc}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{abc}}=1\)
Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của tran duc huy - Toán lớp 10 | Học trực tuyến
1) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(VT\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=9=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$
2) Từ (1) suy ra \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{d}\ge\frac{3^2}{a+b+c}+\frac{1^2}{d}\ge\frac{\left(3+1\right)^2}{a+b+c+d}=VP\)
Đẳng thức..
3) Ta có \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\) với $a,b,c>0.$
Cho $c=1$ ta nhận được bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh.
4) Đặt \(a=x^2,b=y^2,S=x+y,P=xy\left(S^2\ge4P\right)\) thì cần chứng minh $$(x+y)^8 \geqq 64x^2 y^2 (x^2+y^2)^2$$
Hay là \(S^8\ge64P^2\left(S^2-2P\right)^2\)
Tương đương với $$(-4 P + S^2)^2 ( 8 P S^2 + S^4-16 P^2 ) \geqq 0$$
Đây là điều hiển nhiên.
5) \(3a^3+\frac{7}{2}b^3+\frac{7}{2}b^3\ge3\sqrt[3]{3a^3.\left(\frac{7}{2}b^3\right)^2}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{147}{4}}ab^2>9ab^2=VP\)
6) \(VT=\sqrt[4]{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^8}\ge\sqrt[4]{64ab\left(a+b\right)^2}=2\sqrt{2\left(a+b\right)\sqrt{ab}}=VP\)
Có thế thôi mà nhỉ:v
4.
\(\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}=\frac{a^4}{ab}+\frac{b^4}{bc}+\frac{c^4}{ac}\ge\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{b}+\frac{b^3}{c}+\frac{c^3}{a}\ge\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=ab+bc+ca\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
5.
\(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{ab}{bc.ca}}=\frac{2}{c}\) ; \(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{b}\) ; \(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{2}{a}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{c}{ab}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{ab}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{bc}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{ca}\right)^2\ge\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}.\sqrt{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge\sqrt{abc}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)\)
2.
\(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}\ge2\sqrt[]{\frac{ab.bc}{ca}}=2b\) ; \(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2a\) ; \(\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge2c\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(2\left(\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{c}+\frac{bc}{a}+\frac{ac}{b}\ge a+b+c\)
3.
Từ câu b, thay \(c=1\) ta được:
\(ab+\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge a+b+1\)
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel: \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
Tương tự:\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge\frac{4}{b+c};\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\ge\frac{4}{c+a}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên rồi chia cho 2 ta thu được đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
b)Đặt \(a+b=x;b+c=y;c+a=z\). Cần chứng minh:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\)
Cách làm tương tự câu a.
c) \(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{4}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{a+c}\right)\le\frac{1}{16}\Sigma\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{4}\)
d) Em làm biếng quá anh làm nốt đi:P
3. a) \(A=x+\frac{1}{x-1}=x-1+\frac{1}{x-1}+1\ge2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\cdot\frac{1}{x-1}}+1=3\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow x-1=\frac{1}{x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Min \(A=3\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=\frac{4}{x}+\frac{1}{4y}=\frac{4}{x}+4x+\frac{1}{4y}+4y\cdot-4\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4}{x}\cdot4x}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4y}\cdot4y}-4\cdot\frac{5}{4}=5\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\frac{4}{x}=4x\\\frac{1}{4y}=4y\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Min \(B=5\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\frac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Chắc đề là tìm min???
\(C=a+b+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge a+b+\frac{4}{a+b}=a+b+\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{3}{a+b}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\cdot\frac{1}{a+b}}+\frac{3}{1}=5\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a+b=\frac{1}{a+b}\\a+b=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Min \(C=5\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
1. Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\ge\frac{4}{x+y}\) ta có:
\(\left(\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{p-c}+\frac{1}{p-a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{4}{2p-a-b}+\frac{4}{2p-b-c}+\frac{4}{2p-a-c}\) \(=\frac{4}{c}+\frac{4}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{p-a}+\frac{1}{p-b}+\frac{1}{p-c}\ge2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
2. Áp dụng bđt Cauchy ta có :
\(a\sqrt{b-1}=a\sqrt{\left(b-1\right)\cdot1}\le a\cdot\frac{b-1+1}{2}=\frac{ab}{2}\) . Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow b-1=1\Leftrightarrow b=2\)
+ Tương tự : \(b\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{ab}{2}\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=2\)
Do đó: \(a\sqrt{b-1}+b\sqrt{a-1}\le ab\). Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)