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1.Ta có :\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2\) (do x+y=1)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2.
a) Sửa đề: \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(b^3-ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(a,b\ge0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
b) Lần trước mk giải rồi nhá
3.
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel\(P=\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{z+1}\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b) \(Q=\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+1}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2.1}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2.1}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2.1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{2x}+\dfrac{y}{2y}+\dfrac{z}{2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
bài 3
cho a,b,c>0. chứng minh rằng
\(\left(1+\dfrac{2a}{b}\right)^2+\left(1+\dfrac{2b}{c}\right)^2+\left(1+\dfrac{2c}{a}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{9\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\)
E.x 3:
Áp dụng bunyakovsky:
\(VT=\left(1+\dfrac{2a}{b}\right)^2+\left(1+\dfrac{2b}{c}\right)^2+\left(1+\dfrac{2c}{a}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(3+\dfrac{2a}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{c}+\dfrac{2c}{a}\right)^2\)
Áp dụng cauchy-schwarz:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(3+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\right)\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=t\) thì \(t\ge3\)
Cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{3}\left(3+2t\right)^2\ge9t\Leftrightarrow\left(t-3\right)\left(4t-3\right)\ge0\)( đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh .
Lời giải:
Từ \(xy+yz+xz=xyz\Rightarrow \frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=1\)
Đặt \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{1}{x}; \frac{1}{y}; \frac{1}{z}\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(P=\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}\geq \frac{1}{16}(*)\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{c^3}{(a+1)(b+1)}+\frac{a+1}{64}+\frac{b+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3c}{16}\)
\(\frac{a^3}{(b+1)(c+1)}+\frac{b+1}{64}+\frac{c+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3a}{16}\)
\(\frac{b^3}{(c+1)(a+1)}+\frac{c+1}{64}+\frac{a+1}{64}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{64^2}}=\frac{3b}{16}\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{a+b+c+3}{32}\geq \frac{3(a+b+c)}{16}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P+\frac{4}{32}\geq \frac{3}{16}\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{16}\)
Vậy \((*)\) được chứng minh. Bài toán hoàn tất.
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=3\)
\(6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+10\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)\)
\(=6\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y+2z}\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2\left(\dfrac{1}{2x+y+z}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x+y}\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+2.\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{2x+y+z+x+2y+z+2z+x+y}-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(=6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\ge6\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4\left(x+y+z\right)}-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(=6.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{18}{4.\dfrac{3}{4}}-\dfrac{2}{3}.\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2=9\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
a) ab+bc+ca\(\le\dfrac{\left(a+c+b\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3ab+3bc+3ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ac\le a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2ab+2bc+2ca\le2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2\ge0\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng \(\forall a,b,c\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương
\(VT\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz và AM-GM, ta có:
\(\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+\sqrt{yz}\right)}{x}=y+z+\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{yz}}{x}\ge y+z+\dfrac{2yz}{x}\)
Suy ra: \(\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)-2\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)\)
Mặt khác, theo AM-GM:
\(\left(\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\right)^2\ge3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{xy}{z}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}{x}\ge4\left(x+y+z\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
@Phương An
Bài 1:
\(P=(x+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{y}\right)+(y+1)\left(1+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
\(=2+x+y+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
\(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{x}\geq 2\)
\(x+\frac{1}{2x}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(y+\frac{1}{2y}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT SVac-xơ kết hợp với Cô-si:
\(\frac{1}{2x}+\frac{1}{2y}\geq \frac{4}{2x+2y}=\frac{2}{x+y}\geq \frac{2}{\sqrt{2(x^2+y^2)}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên :
\(\Rightarrow P\geq 2+2+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}=4+3\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=4+3\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Svac-xơ:
\(\frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+a+2c}\geq \frac{4}{2a+4b+2c}=\frac{2}{a+2b+c}\)
\(\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{b+c+2a}\geq \frac{4}{2b+4c+2a}=\frac{2}{b+2c+a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c+3a}+\frac{1}{c+a+2b}\geq \frac{4}{2c+4a+2b}=\frac{2}{c+2a+b}\)
Cộng theo vế và rút gọn :
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+3b}+\frac{1}{b+3c}+\frac{1}{c+3a}\geq \frac{1}{2a+b+c}+\frac{1}{2b+c+a}+\frac{1}{2c+a+b}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$