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a)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,336}{22,4}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
0,03<------------0,03<----0,015
=> \(\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,03.23}{1,31}.100\%=52,67\%\)
=> \(\%m_{Na_2O}=100\%-52,67\%=47,33\%\)
b)
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{1,31.47,33\%}{62}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH
0,01----------->0,02
=> nNaOH = 0,03 + 0,02 = 0,05 (mol)
mdd sau pư = 1,31 + 18,72 - 0,015.2 = 20 (g)
=> \(C\%_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{0,05.40}{20}.100\%=10\%\)
\(V_{dd.NaOH}=\dfrac{20}{1,2}=\dfrac{50}{3}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(l\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(dd.NaOH\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{\dfrac{1}{60}}=3M\)
Gọi số mol NaOH là a (mol)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{20,52}{171}=0,12\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có sơ đồ:
\(21,9\left(g\right)X\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na\\Ba\\Na_2O\\BaO\end{matrix}\right.+H_2O\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Ba\left(OH\right)_2:0,12\left(mol\right)\\NaOH:a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.+H_2:0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,12.2+a+0,05.2}{2}=0,17+0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(m_X+m_{H_2O}=m_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{NaOH}+m_{H_2O}\)
=> \(21,9+18\left(0,17+0,5a\right)=20,52+40a+0,05.2\)
=> a = 0,14 (mol)
=> m = 0,14.40 = 5,6 (g)
\(n_{KOH}=a\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0.672}{22.4}=0.03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}+n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}+2n_{H_2}=0.5a+0.01+2\cdot0.03=0.5a+0.07\left(mol\right)\)
\(BTKL:\)
\(m_X+m_{H_2O}=m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{KOH}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2.43+\left(0.5a+0.07\right)\cdot18=0.01\cdot74+56a+0.03\cdot2\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.06\)
\(m_{KOH}=0.06\cdot56=3.36\left(g\right)\)
Quy hỗn hợp X về : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na:x\left(mol\right)\\Ba:y\left(mol\right)\\O:z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
BTe ta được : \(x+2y=2z+0,05.2\left(1\right)\)
BTKL : \(23x+137y+16z=21,9\left(2\right)\)
\(y=\dfrac{20,52}{171}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,14\\z=0,14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,14\Leftrightarrow a=0,14.40=5.6\left(g\right)\)
a)Quy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Na:x\left(mol\right)\\Ba:y\left(môl\right)\\O:z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\underrightarrow{+H_2O}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}NaOH:x\left(mol\right)\\Ba\left(OH\right)_2:y\left(mol\right)\\O^{2-}:z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05mol\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{20,52}{171}=0,12mol\Rightarrow y=0,12mol\)
Ta có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}BTKL:23x+137y+16z=21,9\\y=0,12\\BTe:x+2y=2z+2n_{H_2}\Rightarrow x-2z=-0,14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,14\\y=0,12\\z=0,14\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}+2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,14+2\cdot0,12=0,38mol\)
\(n_{CO _2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\Rightarrow n_{CO_3^{2-}}=0,38-0,3=0,08mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_3^{2-}\downarrow}=0,08\cdot197=15,76g\)
Ta có \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=100.16\%=16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{16}{40}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na}=2n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=n_{Na}+2n_{Na_2O}\Rightarrow n_{Na_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,2.23}{0,2.23+0,1.62}.100\%\approx42,6\%\\\%m_{Na_2O}\approx57,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
$n_{Ba} = n_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,12(mol)$
$n_{H_2} = \dfrac{1,12}{22,4} = 0,05(mol)$
Gọi $n_{Na} = a ; n_O = b$
Ta có :
$23a + 16b + 0,12.137 = 21,1$
Bảo toàn electron : $a + 0,12.2 = 2b + 0,05.2$
Suy ra $a = \dfrac{177}{1550} ; b = \dfrac{197}{1550}$
Suy ra $m_{NaOH} = \dfrac{177}{1550}.40 = 4,57(gam)$
\(\text{Quy đổi hỗn hợp gồm : Na , Ca , O }\)
\(n_{Na}=n_{NaOH}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_O=23.2-0.4\cdot23-0.25\cdot40=4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_O=\dfrac{4}{16}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na\rightarrow Na^++1e\)
\(Ca\rightarrow Ca^{+2}+2e\)
\(O+2e\rightarrow O^{2-}\)
\(2H^{+1}+2e\rightarrow H_2^0\)
\(\text{Bảo toàn electron : }\)
\(n_{Na}+2n_{Ca}=2n_O+2n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow0.4+2\cdot0.25=2\cdot0.25+2\cdot n_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.2\cdot22.4=4.48\left(l\right)\)
lớp 8 chưa bảo toàn e mà