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\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2\cdot0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \text{Vì }\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\text{ nên sau p/ứ }HCl\text{ dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
Cu ko td với HCl
\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot0,3=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \text{Vì }\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\text{ nên HCl dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
TN1: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (a,b,c)
=> 64a + 27b + 56c = 14,3 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b----------------------->1,5b
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
c----------------------->c
=> 1,5b + c = 0,3 (2)
TN2: Gọi (nCu, nAl, nFe) = (ak,bk,ck)
=> ak + bk + ck = 0,6 (3)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}.20\%=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
ak--->0,5ak
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
bk--->0,75bk
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
ck-->\(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\)
=> 0,5ak + 0,75bk + \(\dfrac{2}{3}ck\) = 0,4 (4)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,05\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,15\left(mol\right)\\k=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,05.64}{14,3}.100\%=22,38\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{14,3}.100\%=18,88\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,15.56}{14,3}.100\%=58,74\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
$Mg + H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4 + H_2$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
b) Chất rắn không tan là Cu $\Rightarrow m_{Cu} = 1,28(gam)$
Gọi $n_{Mg} = a(mol) ; n_{Fe} = b(mol) \Rightarrow 24a + 56b + 1,28 = 2,44(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{H_2} = a + b = \dfrac{0,784}{22,4} = 0,035(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra : a = 0,025 ; b = 0,01
$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,025.24}{2,44}.100\% = 24,6\%$
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,01.56}{2,44}.100\% = 23\%$
$\%m_{Cu} = 100\% - 24,6\% - 23\% = 52,4\%$
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$
Gọi $n_{MgO} = a(mol) ; n_{CuO} = b(mol) ; n_{Al_2O_3} = c(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{O_2} = 23,2 - 16,8 = 6,4(gam)$
$n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 0,5a + 0,5b + 1,5c = 0,2(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HCl} =2 n_{MgO} + 2n_{CuO} + 6n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,8(theo (1))$
Suy ra : $V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,8}{2} = 0,4(lít)$
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\\V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, PT: \(Fe+S\underrightarrow{t^o}FeS\) (1)
\(FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeS}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 56x + 88y = 12,24 - 1,28 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2S}+n_{H_2}=n_{FeS}+n_{Fe}=y+x=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,07\left(mol\right)\\y=0,08\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe\left(1\right)}=n_{S\left(1\right)}=n_{FeS}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ nFe (ban đầu) = 0,08 + 0,07 = 0,15 (mol) ⇒ a = mFe = 0,15.56 = 8,4 (g)
mS = 0,08.32 + 1,28 = 3,84 (g)
b, nS = 3,84:32 = 0,12 (mol)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}>\dfrac{0,12}{1}\), ta được Fe dư nếu pư hết.
Theo PT: \(n_{FeS\left(LT\right)}=n_S=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,08}{0,12}.100\%\approx66,67\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=24,79.0,2=4,958\left(l\right)\)