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Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgO}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 80x + 160y + 40z = 12 (1)
- Cho X pư với dd HCl.
PT: \(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\)
\(Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CuO}+6n_{Fe_2O_3}+2n_{MgO}=2x+6y+2z=0,45\left(2\right)\)
- Cho CO qua hh nung nóng.
Có: \(kx+ky+kz=0,175\)
PT: \(CuO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+CO_2\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3CO\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3CO_2\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=kx\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=2ky\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 64kx + 56.2ky + 40kz = 10
Ta có: \(\dfrac{kx+ky+kz}{64kx+56.2ky+40kz}=\dfrac{0,175}{10}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y+z}{64x+112y+40z}=\dfrac{7}{400}\)
⇒ 6x + 48y - 15z = 0 (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\left(mol\right)\\y=0,025\left(mol\right)\\z=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,025.160=4\left(g\right)\\m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
n CuO = a(mol) ; n MgO = b(mol) ; n Fe2O3 = c(mol)
=> 80a + 40b + 160c = 12(1)
CuO + 2HCl $\to$ CuCl2 + H2O
MgO + 2HCl $\to$ MgCl2 + H2O
Fe2O3 + 6HCl $\to$ 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
n HCl = 2a + 2b + 6c = 0,225.2 = 0,45(2)
Thí nghiệm 2 :
$CuO + CO \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O$
$Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe + 3CO_2$
m chất rắn = 64a + 40b + 56.2c = 10(2)
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra a = 0,05 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,025
%m CuO = 0,05.80/12 .100% = 33,33%
%m MgO = 0,1.40/12 .100% = 33,33%
%m Fe2O3 = 33,34%
b)
n BaCO3 = 14,775/197 = 0,075(mol) > n CO2 = n CuO + 3n Fe2O3 = 0,125
Do đó, kết tủa bị hòa tan một phần
Ba(OH)2 + CO2 → BaCO3 + H2O
0,075........0,075.......0,075.............(mol)
Ba(OH)2 + 2CO2 → Ba(HCO3)2
0,025..........0,05..............................(mol)
=> n Ba(OH)2 = 0,075 + 0,025 = 0,1(mol)
=> CM Ba(OH)2 = 0,1/0,5 = 0,2M
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)\(\Rightarrow n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot80}{40}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=80\%\)
Chất rắn D là Cu, chất rắn E là CuO
\(m_{tăng}=m_{O_2}=0,16\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{32}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,01<-0,005
=> mCu = 0,01.64 = 0,64 (g)
Gọi số mol K, Ba là a, b (mol)
=> 39a + 137b = 3,18 - 0,64 = 2,54 (1)
PTHH: 2K + 2H2O --> 2KOH + H2
a--------------->a
Ba + 2H2O --> Ba(OH)2 + H2
b--------------->b
=> 56a + 171b = 3,39 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,03 (mol); b = 0,01 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,64}{3,18}.100\%=20,126\%\\\%m_K=\dfrac{0,03.,39}{3,18}.100\%=36,792\%\\\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{0,01.137}{3,18}.100\%=43,082\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{O_2}=m+0,16-m=0,16\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,16}{32}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,01 0,005
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_K=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
2K + 2H2O ---> 2KOH + H2
a a
Ba + 2H2O ---> Ba(OH)2 + H2
b b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}39a+137b=3,18-0,01.64=2,54\\56a+171b=3,39\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,03\left(mol\right)\\b=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,01.64}{3,18}=20,13\%\\\%m_K=\dfrac{0,03.39}{3,18}=36,79\%\\\%m_{Ba}=100\%-20,13\%-36,79\%=43,08\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_O=22.3-14.3=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_O=\dfrac{8}{16}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố O :
\(n_{H_2O}=n_O=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H :
\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2O}=0.5\cdot2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0.5\left(l\right)\)
nNaOH = 0,1.0,3 = 0,03 (mol)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2SO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHSO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 126a + 104b = 2,3
Bảo toàn Na: 2a + b = 0,03
=> a = 0,01 (mol); b = 0,01 (mol)
Bảo toàn S: \(n_{SO_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn Cu: nCu = 0,12 (mol)
=> a = 0,12.64 = 7,68 (g)
Bảo toàn S: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}+n_{SO_2}=0,12+0,02=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,14.98=13,72\left(g\right)\)
=> \(b=m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{13,72.100}{98}=14\left(g\right)\)
Bảo toàn H: \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
BTKL: \(m_{Cu}+m_{O_2}+m_{H_2SO_4}=m_{CuSO_4}+m_{SO_2}+m_{H_2O}\)
=> mO2 = 19,2 + 0,02.64 + 0,14.18 - 7,68 - 13,72 = 1,6 (g)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,6}{32}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{O_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
$2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO$
$2Cu + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CuO$
$4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
$MgO + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2O$
$CuO + 2HCl \to CuCl_2 + H_2O$
$Al_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2O$
Gọi $n_{MgO} = a(mol) ; n_{CuO} = b(mol) ; n_{Al_2O_3} = c(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng : $m_{O_2} = 23,2 - 16,8 = 6,4(gam)$
$n_{O_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow 0,5a + 0,5b + 1,5c = 0,2(1)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{HCl} =2 n_{MgO} + 2n_{CuO} + 6n_{Al_2O_3} = 0,8(theo (1))$
Suy ra : $V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,8}{2} = 0,4(lít)$