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PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,92}{22,4}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Mg là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của Fe là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,8\\24a+56b=25,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,6\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,6\cdot24=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{14,4}{25,6}\cdot100\%=56,25\%\\\%m_{Fe}=43,75\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=1,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,6mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,6}{2}=0,8\left(l\right)=800ml\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
\(FeCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,6mol\\n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot90=18\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,6\cdot58=34,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{kếttủa}=18+34,8=52,8\left(g\right)\)
\(a)2Na+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2NaCl+H_2\\ 2K+2HCl\xrightarrow[]{}2KCl+H_2 \\ b)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\\ n_{Na}=a,n_K=b\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}23a+39b=6,2\\\dfrac{1}{2}a+\dfrac{1}{2}b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=b=0,1mol\\ \%_{Na}=\dfrac{0,1.23}{6,2}\cdot100=37,1\%\\ \%_K=100-37,1=62,9\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1.......0.2......................0.1\)
Chất rắn X : Cu
\(m_{Zn}=0.1\cdot65=6.5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=19.3-6.5=12.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12.8}{64}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}2CuO\)
\(0.2........0.1\)
\(m_{tăng}=m_{O_2}=0.1\cdot32=3.2\left(g\right)\)
a. B gồm AlCl3
\(b.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6mol\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,4 1,2 0,4 0,6
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,4.27}{23,6}\cdot100\%=45,76\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100\%-45,76=54,24\%\\ c.m_B=m_{AlCl_3}=1,2.133,5=106,2g\)
\(A/PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(B/n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ n_{Fe}=a;n_{Zn}=b\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+65b=18,6\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,1;b=0,2\\ m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6g\\ m_{Zn}=18,6-5,6=13g\)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6\left(g\right)\)
⇒ mCu = 9 - 2,6 = 6,4 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{2,6}{9}.100\%\approx28,89\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx71,11\%\end{matrix}\right.\)