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a. \(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2mol\)
\(V_{O_2}=V_{kk}.\frac{1}{5}=\frac{18,48}{5}=3,696l\)
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{3,696}{22,4}=0,165mol\)
PTHH: \(4P+5O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
Tỷ lệ \(\frac{0,2}{4}>\frac{0,165}{5}\)
Vậy P dư
\(n_{P\left(\text{phản ứng }\right)}=\frac{4}{5}n_{O_2}=0,132mol\)
\(n_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,132=0,068mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,068.31=2,108g\)
b. \(n_{P_2O_5}=\frac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,066mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,066.142=9,372g\)
c. PTHH: \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(n_{KClO_3}=\frac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,11mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=0,11.122,5=13,475g\)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
Số mol oxi đã dùng ở dktc là: nO2=3,36\22.4=0,15 (mol)
PTHH: 5O2+4P−dđiều kiện nhiệt độ−>2P2O5
Từ PTHH => nP2O5=2\5nO2=0,06.(mol)
Khối lượng P2O5 thu được sau phản ứng là:
mp2O5=0,06.142=8,52(g)
PTHH:
2KMnO4−dđiều kiện nhiệt độ−>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
Từ PTHH => nKMnO4=2nO2=0,3(mol)
Khối lượng KMnO4 cần dùng là:
mKMnO4=0,3.158=47,4(g)
a, \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2P_2O_5\)
b, \(n_{O2}=\frac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{P2O5}=\frac{2}{5}n_{O2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{P2O5}=0,06.142=8,52\left(g\right)\)
c, \(KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(m_{KMnO4}=2n_{O2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{KMnO4}=0,12.158=18,96\left(g\right)\)
a,4P+5O2→t02P2O5
b,nP=mM=6,232=0,19375(mol)
Theo PTHH :
nO2=54nP=54.0,19375=0,24(mol)
⇒VO2=n.22,4=0,24.22,4=5,376(l)
c, Theo PTHH :
nP2O5=12nP=12.0,19375=0,097(mol)
⇒mP2O5=n.M=0,097.142=13,774(g)
d, 2KMnO4→K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
Theo PTHH :
nKMnO4=2nO2=2.0,24=0,48(mol)
⇒mKMnO4=n.M=0,48.158=75,84(g)
a,\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow^{t^0}2P_2O_5\)
\(b,n_P=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{6,2}{32}=0,19375\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{4}n_P=\dfrac{5}{4}.0,19375=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,24.22,4=5,376\left(l\right)\)
c, Theo PTHH :
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_P=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,19375=0,097\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=n.M=0,097.142=13,774\left(g\right)\)
d, \(2KMnO_4\rightarrow K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=2.0,24=0,48\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=0,48.158=75,84\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: \(4P+5O_2-t^o->2P_2O_5\left(1\right)\)
b. Theo PT (1) ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{0,05.2}{5}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,02.142=2,84\left(g\right)\)
c. PTHH: \(2KMnO_4-t^o->K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\left(2\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT (2) ta có: \(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.2}{1}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,1.158=15,8\left(g\right)\)
\(2KMnO4-->K2MnO4+MnO2+O2\)
a)\(n_{KMnO4}=\frac{15,8}{158}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{KMnO4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
b) \(4P+5O2-->2P2O5\)
\(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Lập tỉ lệ
\(n_P\left(\frac{0,2}{4}\right)>n_{O2}\left(\frac{0,05}{5}\right)\)
=> P dư
Chất sau pư là P dư và P2O5
\(n_{P2O5}=\frac{2}{5}n_{O2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{P2O5}=0,02.142=2,84\left(g\right)\)
\(n_P=\frac{4}{5}n_{O2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_Pdư=0,2-0,04=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_Pdư=0,16.31=4,96\left(g\right)\)
Khác Dương
Phản ứng nhiệt phân KMnO4.
\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
Ta có :
\(n_{KMnO4}=\frac{15,8}{39+55+16.4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{1}{2}n_{KMnO4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow V_{O2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
Phản ứng với P
\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=\frac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)>\frac{4}{5}n_{O2}\)
Vậy P dư
\(n_{P2O5}=\frac{2}{3}n_{O2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{P_{du}}=0,2-\frac{4}{5}n_{O2}=0,16\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{P2O5}=0,02.\left(31.2+16.5\right)=2,84\left(g\right)\)
\(m_P=0,16.31=4,96\left(g\right)\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}< \dfrac{0,2}{1}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,05.32=1,6\left(g\right)\)
b, \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=0,3.18=5,4\left(g\right)\)
c, PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
_______0,3_______________________0,15 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,3.158=47,4\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Câu 2:
PTHH: 4P+ 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5
Ta có:
\(n_P=\frac{3,1}{31}=0,1\left(mol\right);\\ n_{O_2}=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(\frac{0,1}{4}>\frac{0,1}{5}\)
b) => P dư, O2 hết nên tính theo \(n_{O_2}\)
=> \(n_{P\left(phảnứng\right)}=\frac{4.0,1}{5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ =>n_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,08=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng P dư:
\(m_{P\left(dư\right)}=0,02.31=0,62\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH và đề bài, ta có:
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\frac{2.0,1}{5}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng P2O5:
\(m_{P_2O_5}=0,04.142=5,68\left(g\right)\)
1) PTHH: Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
b) \(n_{Zn}=\frac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2mol\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)c) 2H2+O2=>2H2O
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{1}{2}.n_{H_2}=\frac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1mol\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24l\Rightarrow V_{kk}=5.V_{O_2}=5.2,24=11,2l\)d) H2+CuO=>Cu+H2O
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{24}{80}=0,3mol\)
Vì: 0,3>0,2=> CuO dư
\(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,2mol\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,2.64=12,8g\)\(n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,3-\left(0,2.1\right)=0,1mol\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1.64=6,4g\Rightarrow m_{rắn}=12,8+6,4=19,2g\)
nO2 = 4.48/22.4 = 0.2 (mol)
4P + 5O2 -to-> 2P2O5
0.16__0.2______0.08
mP2O5 = 0.08*142= 11.36(g)
mP=0.16*31=4.96 (g)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.4_________________________0.2
mKMnO4 = 0.4*158=63.2 (g)