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1.
\(sinA+sinB-sinC=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}-sin\left(A+B\right)\)
\(=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}-2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.cos\dfrac{A+B}{2}\)
\(=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.\left(cos\dfrac{A-B}{2}-cos\dfrac{A+B}{2}\right)\)
\(=2sin\dfrac{A+B}{2}.2sin\dfrac{A}{2}.sin\dfrac{B}{2}\)
\(=4sin\dfrac{A}{2}.sin\dfrac{B}{2}.cos\dfrac{C}{2}\)
Sao t lại đc như này v, ai check hộ phát
\(\dfrac{cosA}{a}+\dfrac{cosB}{b}+\dfrac{cosC}{c}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc.cosA
b2 = a2 + c2 - 2ac.cosB
c2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab.cosC
⇒ a2 + b2 + c2 = 2bc.cosA + 2ac.cosB + 2ab.cosC
⇒ VT = \(\dfrac{2bc.cosA}{2abc}+\dfrac{2ab.cosC}{2abc}+\dfrac{2ac.cosB}{2abc}\)
⇒ VT = \(\dfrac{cosA}{a}+\dfrac{cosB}{b}+\dfrac{cosC}{c}\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\frac{a+b}{6}=\frac{b+c}{5}=\frac{c+a}{7}=k\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix}
a+b=6k\\
b+c=5k\\
c+a=7k\end{matrix}\right.(1)\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(a+b+c)=6k+5k+7k=18k\Rightarrow a+b+c=9k(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2) \Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c=3k\\ a=4k\\ b=2k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo định lý hàm số cos ta có:
\(a^2=b^2+c^2-2bc\cos A\)
\(\Rightarrow \cos A=\frac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}=\frac{(2k)^2+(3k)^2-(4k)^2}{2.2k.3k}=\frac{-1}{4}\)
Tương tự: \(\cos B=\frac{c^2+a^2-b^2}{2ac}=\frac{7}{8}\)
\(\cos C=\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2ab}=\frac{11}{16}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(a^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b^2+1\right)-1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c^2+1\right)-1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}+4-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{4}{ab+1}-\dfrac{4}{bc+1}-\dfrac{4}{ca+1}+12\)
Mặt khác \(a;b;c\ge1\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\Rightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\) (và tương tự...)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+12\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(b+c\right)^2}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{a+b}-\dfrac{4}{b+c}-\dfrac{4}{c+a}+1+1+1+9\)
\(VT\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a+b}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{b+c}-1\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{2}{c+a}-1\right)^2+9\ge9\)
Từ C kẻ đường cao CH xuống đáy AB
\(cotA+cotB=\dfrac{AH}{CH}+\dfrac{BH}{CH}=\dfrac{AB}{CH}\)
Mà \(cotA+cotB=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2S}=\dfrac{AC^2+BC^2}{AB.CH}\)
=> \(\dfrac{AB}{CH}=\dfrac{AC^2+BC^2}{AB.CH}\)
=> AB2 = AC2 + BC2
=> tam giác ABC vuông tại C
\(cotA+cotB=\dfrac{cosA}{sinA}+\dfrac{cosB}{sinB}=\dfrac{\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}}{\dfrac{2S}{bc}}+\dfrac{\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}}{\dfrac{2S}{ac}}=\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{4S}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{4S}=\dfrac{c^2}{2S}\)
Mà theo giả thiết \(cotA+cotB=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2S}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2S}=\dfrac{c^2}{2S}\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=c^2\Rightarrow\Delta ABC\) vuông tại A theo Pitago đảo
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT quen thuộc:
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{9\left(1+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc+9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Do \(3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(a+b+c\right)=9abc\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh:
\(\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge9abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge9abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Hiển nhiên đúng do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}=9\)
Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)
Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)
Nên (1) tương đương:
\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:
\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cám ơn bài giải của thầy Lâm ạ!
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\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2abc}+\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2}{2abc}=\dfrac{a}{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{2abc}=\dfrac{a}{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=2a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2=b^2+c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác vuông tại A theo Pitago đảo