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1) \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi a=b
2) \(\left(\sqrt{2a}-\sqrt{2b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(2a-4\sqrt{ab}+2b\ge0\)
\(4a+4b\ge2a+2b+4\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\dfrac{a+b+2\sqrt{ab}}{4}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{2}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi a=b
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(2a+2b+2c\ge2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b+b-2\sqrt{bc}+c+c-2\sqrt{ca}+a\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}-\sqrt{a}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
1) \(\Sigma\frac{a}{b^3+ab}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{a+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\frac{1}{a}-\Sigma\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+1\right)+\Sigma\frac{3}{2\sqrt{a}}-3\)
\(\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-1\right)^2+\frac{27}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}-3\ge\frac{27}{2\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)}}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2c\left(b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2a\left(a+c\right)}}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{2b+a+b}+\dfrac{2b}{2c+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{2a+a+c}\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)=2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+3ab}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+3bc}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+3ca}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{P}{\sqrt{2}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\) (đpcm)
\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{ab+b^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\dfrac{2b+a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}a}{a+3b}\)
làm tương tự với \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{bc+c^2}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{ca+a^2}}\)
\(=>P\ge2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+3b}+\dfrac{b}{b+3c}+\dfrac{c}{c+3a}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right)\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+\dfrac{4}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+\dfrac{8}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\right]\)
\(=2\sqrt{2}\left[\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\dfrac{4}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\right]=\dfrac{2\sqrt{2}.3}{4}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>a=b=c
Bạn tham khảo:
Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Bảo Trân - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
\(\text{Ta có }:\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\right)^2\\ =x^2+y^2+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(z^2+t^2\right)}+z^2+t^2\)
Áp dụng định lí bu-nhi-a-cốp-xki:
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(z^2+t^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\left(xz+yt\right)^2}=2xz+2yt\\ \Rightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\right)^2\\ \ge x^2+y^2+2xz+2yt+z^2+t^2\\ =x^2+2xz+z^2+y^2+2yt+t^2\\ =\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{z^2+t^2}\ge\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y}=\frac{z}{t}\)
Áp dụng BDT trên
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{a^2+b^2-\sqrt{3}ab}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2-bc}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}a^2-\sqrt{3}ab+b^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+\frac{1}{4}c^2+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2}+\sqrt{\left(b-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ \ge\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b+b-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\left(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-\frac{1}{2}c\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}a+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}a^2-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}ac+\frac{1}{4}c^2+\frac{1}{4}a^2+\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}ac+\frac{3}{4}c^2}\\ \\ =\sqrt{a^2+c^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}a-b}{\frac{1}{2}a}=\frac{b-\frac{1}{2}c}{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}c}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{3}a-2b}{a}=\frac{2b-c}{\sqrt{3}c}\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}c\left(\sqrt{3}a-2b\right)=a\left(2b-c\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3ac-2\sqrt{3}bc=2ab-ac\\ \Leftrightarrow4ac-2\sqrt{3}bc-2ab=0\)
BĐT <=> (nhân cả 2 vế với căn 12)
\(\sqrt{\left(1+1+4\right)\left(2a^2+2ab+2b^2\right)}+...\ge\sqrt{3.2.\left(1+1+4\right)}=6\)
có : 2a^2 +2ab + 2b^2 = a^2 + (a+b)^2 + b^2
=> (a^2 + (a+b)^2 + b^2)(1+4+1) ≥ (a+2a+2b+b)^2 ( theo bđt cauchy-schwarz 2 bộ số)
=> căn[(a^2 + (a+b)^2 + b^2)(1+4+1)] ≥ 3a+3b
CMTT với 2 cái căn còn lại
=> VT ≥ 6(a+b+c) = 6 = VP (đpcm)
dấu bằng a=b=c=1/3