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Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\frac{1}{1+a}+\frac{1}{1+b}+\frac{1}{1+c}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{3+a+b+c+}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
c)\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+4\ge3\cdot\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
Thế : \(\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(b-a\right)^2\left(a^2-ab+b^2\right)}{a^2b^2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^4+4a^2b^2+b^4}{a^2b^2}\ge\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+4\ge\frac{3a}{b}+\frac{3b}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{a^2}+4>=3\cdot\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dưới dạng Engel ta có :
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{1+1+1}=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Với a,b,c > 0 áp dụng BĐT Cauchy, ta có
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
Cmtt: \(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\ge2\) và \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\ge2\)
Theo đề bài, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)(do a + b + c = 1)
\(=1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+1+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+1+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)
\(=3+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\)\(\ge3+2+2+2=9\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0,\forall ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\left(1\right)\)
Lại có: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge a^2+2ab+b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra ĐPCM
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{1+b}+\dfrac{1}{1+c}=1\Rightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{1+a}=\dfrac{1}{1+b}+\dfrac{1}{1+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{1+a}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+b}+\dfrac{1}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\) (1)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\dfrac{b}{1+b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}}\) (2)
\(\dfrac{c}{1+c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}}\) (3)
Nhân vế (1);(2);(3):
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\dfrac{8}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge8\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(a\left(a-b\right)+b\left(b-c\right)+c\left(c-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+b^2-bc+c^2-ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-2ab+2b^2-2bc+2c^2-2ac\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ac+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(a\left(a-b\right)+b\left(b-c\right)+c\left(c-a\right)\ge0\)