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Áp dụng bđt bunhiacopxki có:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
BĐT này gọi là BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz đó bạn.
Chứng minh BĐT: \(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\Rightarrow\left(a^2y+b^2x\right)\left(x+y\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2.xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2-2abxy\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-by\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Áp dụng BĐT trên vào đề:
Ta được: \(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh BĐT sau: \(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}\) (*) với \(a,b,x,y>0\). Thật vậy, (*) tương đương \(\dfrac{a^2y+b^2x}{xy}\ge\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2}{x+y}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2xy+a^2y^2+b^2x^2+b^2xy\ge2abxy+a^2xy+b^2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy BĐT được chứng minh. ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT (*) liên tiếp, ta được:
\(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)
Ta có đpcm.
1.Ta có :\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2\) (do x+y=1)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2.
a) Sửa đề: \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(b^3-ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(a,b\ge0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
b) Lần trước mk giải rồi nhá
3.
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel\(P=\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{z+1}\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b) \(Q=\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+1}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2.1}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2.1}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2.1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{2x}+\dfrac{y}{2y}+\dfrac{z}{2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Chắc đề là \(x+y+z=3\)
Ta có:
\(\left(2x+y+z\right)^2=\left(x+y+x+z\right)^2\ge4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{4\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(z+x\right)+z\left(x+y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz\)
\(=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\sqrt[3]{xyz}.\sqrt[3]{xy.yz.zx}\)
\(\ge\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)-\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(x+y+z\right).\dfrac{1}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(x+y+z\right)\left(zy+yz+zx\right)=\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2.\dfrac{8}{3}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\dfrac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2}{\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{z}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2}{2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Dâu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by+cx\right)^2\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{b\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{c\sqrt{z}}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\le\left[\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2\right]\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}\right)^2\right]=\left(\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{x}+\dfrac{b^2}{y}+\dfrac{c^2}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)