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a)\(S=1+3+...+3^{11}\)
\(=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+\left(3^9+3^{10}+3^{11}\right)\)
\(=1\cdot\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^9\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=1\cdot13+...+3^9\cdot13\)
\(=13\cdot\left(1+...+3^9\right)⋮13\)
b)\(S=1+3+...+3^{11}\)
\(=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^8+3^9+3^{10}+3^{11}\right)\)
\(=1\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^8\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(=1\cdot40+...+3^8\cdot40\)
\(=40\cdot\left(1+...+3^8\right)⋮40\)
c)\(S=1+3+...+3^{11}\)
\(3S=3\left(1+3+...+3^{11}\right)\)
\(3S=3+3^2+...+3^{12}\)
\(3S-S=\left(3+3^2+...+3^{12}\right)-\left(1+3+...+3^{11}\right)\)
\(2S=3^{12}-1\)
\(S=\frac{3^{12}-1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
$S=(2+2^2)+(2^3+2^4)+....+(2^{23}+2^{24})$
$=2(1+2)+2^3(1+2)+....+2^{23}(1+2)$
$=(1+2)(2+2^3+...+2^{23})$
$=3(2+2^3+...+2^{23})\vdots 3$
b.
$S=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{23}+2^{24}$
$2S=2^2+2^3+2^4+....+2^{24}+2^{25}$
$\Rightarrow 2S-S=2^{25}-2$
$\Rightarrow S=2^{25}-2$
Ta có:
$2^{10}=1024=10k+4$
$\Rightarrow 2^{25}-2=2^5.2^{20}-2=32(10k+4)^2-2=32(100k^2+80k+16)-2$
$=10(320k^2+8k+51)\vdots 10$
$\Rightarrow S$ tận cùng là $0$