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18/31 giữ nguyên . 181818/313131=18 nhân 10101/31 nhân 10101 = 18/31
18/31=181818/313131
\(a,\dfrac{a}{b}>1\Leftrightarrow a>1\cdot b=b\\ \dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Leftrightarrow a< 1\cdot b=b\\ b,\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+a}{b^2+b}\\ \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}=\dfrac{b\left(a+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+b}{b^2+b}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+1}{b+1}\)
\(c,\forall a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{a-b}{b}>\dfrac{a-b}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;a-b>0\right)=\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}-1\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a< b\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b-a}{b}>\dfrac{b-a}{b+n}\left(b< b+n;b-a>0\right)=1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{a}{b}>1-\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}\\ \forall a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(=1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a\left(b+2021\right)}{b\left(b+2021\right)}=\dfrac{ab+2021a}{b\left(b+2021\right)}\\ \dfrac{a+2021}{b+2021}=\dfrac{ab+2021b}{b\left(b+2021\right)}\)
Vì \(b>0\Rightarrow b\left(b+2021\right)>0\)
Nếu \(a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+2021}{b+2021}\)
Nếu \(a=b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+2021}{b+2021}=1\)
Nếu \(a>b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{a+2021}{b+2021}\)
Số nguyên a là số hữu tỉ vì ta có thể viết a = \(\frac{a}{1}\)
3. Với a, b ∈ Z, b # 0
- Khi a, b cùng dấu thì a/b > 0
- Khi a, b khác dấu thì a/b < 0
Kết luận: Số hữu tỉ a/b (a, b ∈ Z, b # 0) dương nếu a, b cùng dấu, âm nếu a, b khác dấu, bằng 0 nếu a = 0.
Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a.\left(b+1\right)}{b.\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{ab+a}{b.\left(b+1\right)}\)
\(\frac{a+1}{b+1}=\frac{b.\left(a+1\right)}{b.\left(b+1\right)}=\frac{ab+b}{b.\left(b+1\right)}\)
Xét a>b
=>\(\frac{ab+a}{b.\left(b+1\right)}>\frac{ab+b}{b.\left(b+1\right)}\)
=>\(\frac{a}{b}>\frac{a+1}{b+1}\)
Xét a<b
=>\(\frac{ab+a}{b.\left(b+1\right)}
Ta có: a(b+ 2001) = ab + 2001a
b(a+ 2001) = ab + 2001b
Vì b > 0 nên b + 2001 > 0
Nếu a>b =>b(a+1)<a(b+1)=>a/b > a+1/b+1
Nếu a=b =>b(a+1)=a(b+1)=>a/b = a+1/b+1
Nếu a<b => b(a+1)>a(b+1) =>a/b < a+1/b+1
nếu a>b thì ab+a>ba+b=> a(b+1)>b(a+1) hay a/b>a+1/b+1
___a<b thì ____<____________<____________<_______
___a=b thì ____=____________=____________=_______