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1
a) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
2
b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-1}{4}=\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Ta có dãy sau : \(\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48};\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) và \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) là :\(\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48}\)
1a ) Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}\) < \(\dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Rightarrow\) ad < bc
1b ) Như trên
2b) \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) ; \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
\(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-15}{48}\) <\(\dfrac{-14}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-13}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa là.................
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}:\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{c}\cdot\dfrac{2}{1}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{ab}+\dfrac{a}{ab}=\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{2}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab=\left(a+b\right)c\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ab=ac+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ac-ab=ab-bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(c-b\right)=b\left(a-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a-c}{c-b}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a-c}{c-b}\)
4/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\\\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}\\\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}=k\) (đặt k)
Suy ra \(x=15k;y=20k;z=24k\)
Thay vào,ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{2.15k+3.20k+4.24k}{3.15k+4.20k+5.24k}=\dfrac{186k}{245k}=\dfrac{186}{245}\)
1. Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{ab}{cd},\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
a) Mẫu chung bd > 0 ( do b > 0, d > 0 ) nên nếu \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) thì ad < bc
b) Ngược lại, Nếu ad < bc thì \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Ta có thể viết: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)
2. a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( 1 )
Thêm ab vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+ab< bc+ab\)
\(a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) ( 2 )
Thêm cd vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+cd< bc+cd\)
\(d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) ( 3 )
Từ (2) và (3) ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^6}{b^6}=\dfrac{c^6}{d^6}=\dfrac{3a^6}{3b^6}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ sốbằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a^6}{b^6}=\dfrac{c^6}{d^6}=\dfrac{3a^6}{3b^6}=\dfrac{a^6+c^6}{b^6+d^6}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^6}{\left(b+d\right)^6}\)
=\(\dfrac{c^6+3a^6}{d^6+3b^6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3a^6+c^6}{3b^6+d^6}=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^6}{\left(b+d\right)^6}\) (ĐPCM)
1) Nếu a/b>1 thì a/b>b/b<=>a>b
2)Nếu a>b thì a.z>b.z=>a/b>z/z<=>a/b>1
3)Nếu a/b<1 thì a/b<b/b<=>a<b
4)Nếu a<b=>a.z<b.z=>a/b<z/z<=>a/b<1
Bài 1:
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}>\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a.d}{b.d}>\dfrac{b.c}{b.d}\left(b;d>0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ad>bc\)
Vậy ...
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(0< a< 5< b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a;b>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}>0\)
Mà \(a< 5< b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a< b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}>1\)
Vậy ...
\(\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{c}:\frac{1}{2}=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\)
\(\frac{2}{c}=\frac{a+b}{ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow2ab=ac+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow ac-ab=ab-bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a.\left(c-b\right)=b.\left(a-c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a-c}{c-b}\)( đpcm )
Trước tiên, ta chứng minh \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\) với \(a,b>0\) (*)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\), luôn đúng.
Vậy (*) được chứng minh. Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=a+b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge a+b+\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
Đặt \(a+b=t\left(0< t\le\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)thì
\(VT\ge t+\dfrac{4}{t}\) \(=t+\dfrac{1}{4t}+\dfrac{15}{4t}\) (1)
Bây giờ ta sẽ chứng minh \(a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\) với \(a,b>0\) (**)
(**) \(\Leftrightarrow a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}\right)^2-2\sqrt{a}\sqrt{b}+\left(\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy (**) được chứng minh. Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Do đó từ (1) \(\Rightarrow VT\ge\left(t+\dfrac{1}{4t}\right)+\dfrac{15}{4t}\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{t.\dfrac{1}{4}t}+\dfrac{15}{4.\dfrac{1}{2}}\) (do \(0< t\le\dfrac{1}{2}\))
\(=\dfrac{17}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=a+b=\dfrac{1}{2}\\a=b\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta có đpcm.