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200ml = 0,2l
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\left(l\right)\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 0,1 ( mol )
\(m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4g\)
\(C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=7,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{MgO}+m_{ddHCl}=208\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{208}\cdot100\%\approx9,13\%\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot4\%}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết, MgCl2 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot58=5,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{ddA}+m_{ddNaOH}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=402,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,91\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,5}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{MgO}=0,2(mol)$
a, $MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O$
b, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\Rightarrow x=7,3$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddA}=208(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=9,13\%$
c, Ta có: $n_{NaOH}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,1(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddB}=208+200-0,1.58=402,2(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=2,36\%$
nK2O = 9.4/94 = 0.1 (mol)
mKOH = 200*5.6/100 = 11.2 (g)
nKOH = 11.2/56 = 0.2 (mol)
K2O + H2O => 2KOH
0.1.........................0.2
nKOH = 0.2 + 0.2 = 0.4 (mol)
CMKOH = 0.4 / 0.2 = 2M
D = 1,1 g/ml mới đúng
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1,02}{102}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd.H_2SO_4}=200.1,1=220\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{220.4,9}{100}:98=0,11\left(mol\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,01 ----> 0,03 ------> 0,01
Xét \(\dfrac{0,11}{1}< \dfrac{0,11}{3}\) => \(H_2SO_4\)dư
\(n_{H_2SO_4.dư}=0,11-0,03=0,08\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,08}{0,2}=0,4M\)
\(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,01\rightarrow CM_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}=0,05M\)
\(m_{dd.muối}=1,02+220=221,02\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,08.98.100}{221,02}=3,55\%\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,01.100}{221,02}=1,55\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{20,16}{22,4}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,6 1,8 0,6 0,9
\(a,m_{HCl}=1,8.36,5=65,7\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{65,7}{400}.100\%=16,425\%\)
\(b,m_{AlCl_3}=0,6.133,5=80,1\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddAlCl_3}=\left(0,6.27+400\right)-0,9.2=414,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{80,1}{414,4}.100\%\approx19,33\%\)
bổ sung:
\(m_{dd}=400+0,2.56=411,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H2SO4}dư=\dfrac{\left(0,2-0,1\right)98}{411,2}.100\%=2,38\%\)
\(n_{K2SO4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(C\%_{K2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.174}{411,2}.100\%=4,23\%\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
a, K2O +H2O -> 2KOH
b, \(n_{K_2O}\) =9,4 :(2.39 +16)= 0,1 mol
=>Cm dd A=0,1:0,2 = 0,5 M (200ml =0,2l )