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nAl = 5.4 / 27 = 0.2 (mol)
2Al + 6HCl => 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0.2......0.6............0.2.......0.3
a) VH2 = 0.3 * 22.4 = 6.72 (l)
b) mAlCl3 = 0.2 * 133.5 = 26.7 (g)
c) VddHCl = 0.6 / 1.5 = 0.4 (l)
d) CMAlCl3 = 0.2 / 0.4 = 0.5 (M)
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{1,5}=0,4\left(l\right)=400\left(ml\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4}=0,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
câu 1
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,25 0,5 0,25 0,25
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,25.127=31,75g\\
V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\\
C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5M\)
câu 2
1 ) \(m_{\text{dd}}=35+100=135g\\
2,C\%=\dfrac{204}{204+100}.100=60\%\\
=>m\text{dd}=\dfrac{100.204}{60}=340g\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\a, 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ d,V_{ddAlCl_3}=V_{ddHCl}=0,3\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,3}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{100}\cdot100\%=10,95\%\)
c+d) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,3\cdot2=0,6\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=0,2\cdot133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd}=m_{Al}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=104,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{104,8}\cdot100\%\approx25,48\%\)
a) $Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : n H2 = n Fe = 8,4/56 = 0,15(mol)
V H2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36(lít)
b) n HCl = 2n Fe = 0,3(mol)
=> CM HCl = 0,3/0,2 = 1,5M
c) $CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O$
Ta thấy :
n CuO = 32/80 = 0,4 > n H2 = 0,15 mol nên CuO dư
Theo PTHH : n Cu = n H2 = 0,15 mol
=> m Cu = 0,15.64 = 9,6 gam
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nAl = \(\dfrac{3,375}{27}\)= 0,125 mol
a) Theo tỉ lệ phản ứng => nH2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)nAl = 0,1875 mol
<=> V H2 = 0,1875.22,4 = 4,2 lít
b) nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,125 mol
=> mAlCl3 = 0,125 . 133,5 = 16,6875 gam
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,1-->0,2------>0,1-->0,1
=> VH2 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
mZnCl2 = 0,1.136 = 13,6 (g)
b) \(C\%_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{200}.100\%=3,65\%\)
c) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) => H2 hết, O2 dư
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,1--------------->0,1
=> mH2O = 0,1.18 = 1,8 (g)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,1=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ b,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\ c,n_{HCl}=\dfrac{6}{2}.0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ c,C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\)