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\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b.n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\\ c.m_{ddsau}=4,8+200-0,2.2=204,4\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{204,4}.100\approx9,295\%\\ d.V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{200}{1,05}=\dfrac{4000}{21}\left(ml\right)=\dfrac{4}{21}\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{\dfrac{4}{21}}=2,1\left(M\right)\)
a) \(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{16,25}{162,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe2O3 + 6HCl --> 2FeCl3 + 3H2O
0,05<----0,3<-----0,1
=> \(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05.160=8\left(g\right)\)
b)
\(m_{HCl\left(bd\right)}=91,25.16\%=14,6\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau pư = 8 + 91,25 = 99,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(FeCl_3\right)=\dfrac{16,25}{99,25}.100\%=16,373\%\\C\%\left(HCldư\right)=\dfrac{14,6-0,3.36,5}{99,25}.100\%=3,678\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a.CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{CaO}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{CaCl_2}=111.0,2=22,2\left(g\right)\)
Tên muối: Canxi clorua
\(b.n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)
\(a) n_{Fe_2O_3} = \dfrac{8}{160} = 0,05(mol)\\ Fe_2O_3 + 6HCl \to 2FeCl_3 + 3H_2O\\ n_{FeCl_3} = 2n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{FeCl_3} = 0,1.162,5 = 16,25(gam)\\ b) n_{HCl} = 6n_{Fe_2O_3} = 0,05.6 = 0,3(mol)\\ V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,3}{0,5} = 0,6(lít)\\ c) C_{M_{FeCl_3}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,5} = 0,2M\)
\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)
HD:
M2O3 + 6HCl ---> 2MCl3 + 3H2O
Số mol HCl = 1.0,6 = 0,6 mol. Theo pt trên số mol oxit = 1/6 số mol HCl = 0,1 mol. Suy ra phân tử khối của oxit = 10,2/0,1 = 102. Suy ra: 2M + 48 = 102 hay M = 27 (Al).
a) Công thức cần tìm là Al2O3.
b) Khối lượng dd HCl = 600.1,12 = 672 gam. Khối lượng dd sau phản ứng = 672 + 10,2 = 682,2 gam.
Số mol AlCl2 = 1/3 số mol HCl = 0,2 mol. Suy ra: C%(AlCl3) = 0,2.133,5/682,2 = 3,91%.
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{73.10\%}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2FeCl_3+3H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{6}\\ \Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dư\\ a.Muối.tạo.thành:FeCl_3\\ n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,2=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{1}{15}.162,5=\dfrac{65}{6}\left(g\right)\\ b.Chất.tan.ddA:FeCl_3\\ m_{ddFeCl_3}=m_{Fe_2O_3\left(p.ứ\right)}+m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1}{6}.0,2.160+73=\dfrac{235}{3}\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{65}{6}}{\dfrac{235}{3}}.100=13,83\%\)