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\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Al, Fe trong m gam hỗn hợp là a, b, c (mol)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_______a--------------------->a------->a_______(mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
_b-------------------->b------->1,5b___________(mol)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
_c------------------>c------->c_______________(mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+1,5b+c=0,35\left(1\right)\\95a+133,5b+127c=35,55\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác:
PTHH: \(Mg+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgCl_2\)
_______a--------------->a_________(mol)
\(2Al+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2AlCl_3\)
_b----------------->b______________(mol)
\(2Fe+3Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
_c------------------>c______________(mol)
=> 95a + 133,5b + 162,5 = 39,1 (3)
(1)(2)(3) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\\c=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 24.0,1 + 27.01 + 56.0,1 = 10,7(g)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=24.0,1=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=27.0,1=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=56.0,1=5,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(K_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O\)
\(K_2SO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2SO_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{K_2O}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2O}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot94}{0,1\cdot94+0,3\cdot158}\cdot100\%\approx16,55\%\\\%m_{K_2SO_3}=83,45\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(n_{KCl}=0,8\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=74,5\cdot0,8=59,6\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{hh}=56,8\left(g\right)\\m_{SO_2}=0,3\cdot64=19,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{SO_2}=237,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{59,6}{237,6}\cdot100\%\approx25,1\%\)
a. PTHH:
2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Cu + H2SO4 ---x--->
b. Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{Cu}=10-5,4=4,6\left(g\right)\)
c. \(\%_{m_{Al}}=\dfrac{5,4}{10}.100\%=54\%\)
\(\%_{m_{Cu}}=100\%-54\%=46\%\)
d. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29,4}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=20\%\)
=> \(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)0/0
0/0MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c,mdd sau pứ = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)
\(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)
a, Vì Cu ko tác dụng vs ddH2SO4 loãng nên 12,8g kim loại ko tan là Cu
⇒ mFe + mAl = 40,4 - 12,8 = 27,6 (g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,8}{2}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
Mol: x x x
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
Mol: y 1,5y 1,5y
Ta có hệ pt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=27,6\\x+1,5y=0,9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,3\left(mol\right)\\y=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8.100\%}{40,4}=31,68\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3.56.100\%}{40,4}=41,58\%\)
\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-31,68\%-41,58\%=26,74\%\)
b, \(m_{H_2SO_4}=\left(0,3+1,5.0,4\right).98=88,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{88,2.100\%}{10\%}=882\left(g\right)\)
c, \(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{882}{1,4}=630\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 1: gọi a,b là ố mol của Mg và Al
Mg + 2HCl - > MgCl2 + H2
-a---------------------------------a
Al + 3HCl -> AlCl3 + 3/2H2
-b---------------------b-------3/2b-
Ta có 24a+27b=7.8 g (1)
Mà bạn thấy nhé! Hòa tan 7,8g kim loại HOÀN TOÀN vào HCl dư mà dung dịch chỉ tăng thêm 7g
=> 0,8g mất đi là do H2 bay hơi -> nH2 = 0.4 mol
Có thêm a+3/2b=0.4 (2)
từ 1 và 2 ta có hệ pt: \(\begin{cases}24a+27b=7,8\\a+\frac{3}{2}b=0,4\end{cases}\)
<=> \(\begin{cases}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{cases}\)
=> mMg =0,1.24=2,4g
=> mAl=7,8-2,4=5,4g
Bài 2: H2+Cl2=>2HCl
Theo định luật bảo toàn thì là 5 lít thôi
H=20%=> V=5:100.20=1lit
a. PTHH : Mg + 2HCl ➝ MgCl2 + H2 (1)
b. theo bài : nH2 = 3,36 : 22,4 = 0,15 (mol)
theo (1) nMg = nH2 = 0,15 (mol)
➞ mMg = 0,15 ✖ 24 = 3,6 (g)
➞ %mMg = (3,6 : 5)✖100 = 72%
➞ %mCu = 100% - 72% = 28%
c. theo (1) nHCl = 2nH2 = 2✖0,15 = 0,3 (mol)
mHCl = 0,3✖36,5 = 10,95(g)
➜mddHCl = (10,95✖100):14,6 = 75(g)
d. dung dịch Y : MgCl2
mdd(spư)= 3,6+75-0,3 = 78,3(g)
theo (1) nMgCl2 = nH2 = 0,15(mol)
mMgCl2 = 0,15✖95 = 14,25(g)
C%MgCl2 = (14,25 : 78,3)✖100 = 18,199%
nH2 = 6,12/22,4 = 0,27 (mol)
PTHH :
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,18...0,54............0,18.......0,27
mAl = 0,18 . 27 =4,86 (g)
%mAl = 4,86 . 100 / 10 =48,6%
=> % mCu = 100% - 48,6% = 51,4%
\(mddHCl=\frac{0,54\cdot36,5\cdot100}{14,6}=135\left(g\right)\)
mdd sau phản ứng = 4,86 + 135 - 6,12 =133,74 (g)
\(C\%=\frac{0,18\cdot133,05}{133,74}\cdot100=17,9\%\)