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a) \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{54}{27}=2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.3}{2}=3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=3.22,4=67,2l\)
b) \(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{m_{O_2}}{M_{O_2}}=\dfrac{30}{32}=0,94\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,94.2}{1}=1,88\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}=n_{H_2O}.M_{H_2O}=1,88.18=33,84\left(g\right)\)
a, Cu không tác dụng với dd HCl.
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=19,4-13=6,4\left(g\right)\)
c, Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{19,4}.100\%\approx67,01\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx32,99\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=1.65=65\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=80,5-65=15,5\left(g\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
x 2x 2x x x
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
y 2y 2y y y
Ta có :
106x + 138y = 26
2x + 2y = 0,4
Giải hệ PT, ta có :
\(\rightarrow x=0,05\left(mol\right);y=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Thu đc khí CO2 chứ bạn nhỉ?
\(a,V_{CO_2}=\left(0,05+0,15\right).22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(b,m_{muối}=0,05.58,5+0,15.74,5=14,1\left(g\right)\)
\(c,\%m_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,05.106}{26}.100\%\approx20,38\%\)
\(\%m_{K_2CO_3}=100\%-20,38\%=79,62\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ag}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27x+108y=4,2\left(1\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,05 0,15
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1\cdot27=2,7g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Ag}=4,2-2,7=1,5g\)
a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{4,2}\cdot100\%=64,28\%\)
\(\%m_{Ag}=100\%-64,28\%=35,72\%\)
b)\(m_{muối}=0,05\cdot342=17,1g\)
Bài 1:
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300.19,6\%}{98}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,6}{3}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{3n_{Al}}{2}=\dfrac{3.0,1}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,15=51,3\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{ddsau}=m_{Al}+m_{ddH_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=2,7+300-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1.2=302,4\left(g\right)\\ c,C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{302,4}.100\%\approx16,964\%\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,6-\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{302,4}.100\%\approx14,583\%\)
Bài 2:
\(PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Hpt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,8\\1,5a+b=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%\approx69,231\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}\approx100\%-69,231\%\approx30,769\%\)
Bài 6:
\(2M+3Cl_2\rightarrow2MCl_3\\ m_{Cl_2}=m_{MCl_3}-m_M=32,5-11,2=21,3\left(g\right)\\ n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{21,3}{71}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_M=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ M_M=\dfrac{m_M}{n_M}=\dfrac{11,2}{0,2}=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\\ \Rightarrow M\left(III\right):Sắt\left(Fe=56\right)\)
Bài 5:
\(KL:X\left(II\right)\\ X+2HCl\rightarrow XCl_2+H_2\\ n_{HCl}=0,4.0,3=0,12\left(mol\right)\\ n_X=n_{XCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,12}{2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\\ a,M_X=\dfrac{3,36}{0,06}=56\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\Rightarrow X\left(II\right):Sắt\left(Fe=56\right)\\ b,V_{ddFeCl_2}=V_{ddHCl}=0,4\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,06}{0,4}=0,15\left(M\right)\)
2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2
Zn+2HCl→ZnCl2+H2
2Al+6H2SO4→Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O
Zn+2H2SO4→ZnSO4+SO2+2H2O
Cu+2H2SO4→CuSO4+SO2+2H2O
nH2=0,3mol
nCu=0,15mol
Gọi a và b lần lượt là số mol của Al và Zn
27a+65b=17,25
3\2a+b=0,3
=> a=0,03, b=0,25
→nAl=0,03mol→mAl=1,62g
→nZn=0,25mol→mZn=32,5g
b)nHCl=3nAl+2nZn=0,59mol
→VHCl=0,592=0,295 l
c)
nAl2(SO4)3=1\2nAl=0,015mol
→mAl2(SO4)3=5,13g
nZnSO4=nZn=0,25mol
→mZnSO4=40,25g
nCuSO4=nCu=0,15mol
→mCuSO4=24g