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\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{7,1}{142}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\xrightarrow[]{}2H_3PO_4\)
0,05 → 0,15 → 0,1
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4}=0,1\cdot98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}\left(\text{pư}\right)=0,15\cdot18=2,7\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O}\left(\text{dm}\right)=100-2,7=97,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_3PO_4}\left(\text{dd}\right)=m_{H_3PO_4}+m_{H_2O}\left(\text{dm}\right)=9,8+97,3=107,1\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{m_{H_3PO_4}}{m_{H_3PO_4}\left(\text{dd}\right)}\cdot100\%=\dfrac{9,8}{107,1}\cdot100\%\approx9,15\%\)
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{99,4}{142}=0,7\left(mol\right)\)
\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)
0,7 2,1 1,4
a, \(m_{H_3PO_4}=1,4.98=137,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_3PO_4}=99,4+500=599,4\left(g\right)\)
Kl nước trong dd A :
\(m_{H_2O}=599,4-137,2=462,2\left(g\right)\)
\(b,C\%_{H_3PO_4}=\dfrac{137,2}{599,4}.100\%\approx22,89\%\)
\(c,C_M=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{1,4}{0,5}=2,8M\)
a/
\(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{9,3}{62}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
0,15 0,3 (mol)
\(m_{NaOH}=0,3.40=12\left(g\right)\)
\(m_A=90,7+9,3=100\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{100}.100\%=12\%\)
b/
m\(_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{16.200}{100}=32\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow m_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{152}=\dfrac{4}{19}\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+FeSO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Fe\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
bđ: 0,3 \(\dfrac{4}{19}\) 0 0 (mol)
pư: 0,3 0,15 0,15 0,15 (mol)
dư: 0 \(\dfrac{23}{380}\) (mol)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_2}=0,15.90=13,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_C=100+200-13,5=286,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,15.142=21,3\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,3}{286,5}.100\%\approx7,4\%\)
\(m_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{23}{380}.152=9,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{FeSO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,2}{286,5}.100\%\approx3,2\%\)
2KMnO4--->K2MnO4+MnO2+O2 n KMnO4=15,8/158=0,1(mol) n O2=1/2n KMnO4=0,05(mol) V O2=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)
Câu 2: a) SO3+H2O--->H2SO4 b) m H2SO4=20.10/100=2(g) n H2SO4=2/98=0,02(mol) n SO3=n H2SO4=0,02(mol) m =m SO3=0,02.80=1,6(g)
Câu 3 : a) Fe+2HCl-->FeCl2+H2 x--------------------------x(mol) Mg+2HCl------->MgCl2+H2 y------------------------------y(mol) n H2=4,48/22,4=0,2(mol) Theo bài ra ta có hpt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=8\\x+y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) n Fe : n Al= 1 : 1
Câu 4: a) Hiện tượng : có chất rắn màu nâu đỏ sau pư PT: FeCl3+3KOH--->3KCl+Fe(OH)3 b) m KOH=\(\frac{200.8,4}{100}=16,8\left(g\right)\) n KOH=16,8/56=0,3(mol) n Fe(OH)3=1/3n KOH=0,1(mol) m Fe(OH)3=0,1.107=10,7(g) c) n FeCl3=1/3n KOH=0,1(mol) m FeCl3=0,1.162,5=16,25(g) m dd FeCl3=16,25.100/6,5=250(g) m dd sau pư=m FeCl3+m dd KOH- m Fe(OH)3 =250+200-10,7=439,3(g) n KCl=n KOH=0,3(mol) m KCl=74,5.0,3=22,35(g) C% KCl=22,35/439,3.100%=5,09% d) 2Fe(OH)3--->Fe2O3+3H2O n Fe2O3=1/2n Fe(OH)3=0,05(mol) a=m Fe2O3=0,05.160=8(g)
Câu 5: a) Al2O3+6HCl---->2Alcl3+3H2O x----------6x(mol) MgO+2HCl----->MgCl2+H2O y-----------2y(mol) m HCl=90.7,3/100=6,57(g) n HCl=6,57/36,5=0,18(mol) Theo bài ta có hpt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}102x+40y=3,24\\6x+2y=0,18\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,03\end{matrix}\right.\) %m Al2O3=\(\frac{0,02.102}{3,24}.100\%=62,96\%\) %m MgO=100-62,96=37,04% b)m dd sau pư=m KL+m dd HCl=3,24+90=93,24(g) m AlCl3=0,04.133,5=5,34(g) C% Alcl3=5,34/92,24.100%=5,79% m MgCl2=0,03.95=2,85(g) C% MgCl2=2,85/92,24.100%=2,8%
Câu 6: a) n H2=1,456/22,4=0,056(mol) 2Al+3H2SO4---.Al2(SO4)3+3H2 x-------------------------------1,5x Fe+H2SO4--->FeSO4+H2 y--------------------------------y(mol) Theo bài ra ta có hpt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=1,93\\1,5x+y=0,065\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,03\\y=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\) %m Al=0,03.27/1,93.100%=41,97% %m Fe=100-41,97=53,08% c) 2Al+3Cu(NO3)2---->3Cu+2Al(NO3) 0,03------------------------0,045(mol) Fe+Cu(NO3)2---->Fe(NO3)2+Cu 0,02-------------------------------0,02(mol) m Cu=(0,045+0,02).64=4,16(g)
Câu 7: a) Zn+2HCl---.Zncl2+H2 b) n H2=3,36/22,4=0,15(mol) n Zn=n H2=0,15(mol) m Zn=0,15.65=9,75(g) %m Zn=9,75/10,05.100%=97% %m Cu=3%
Câu 9:
Gọi oxit KL Cần tìm là MO
MO+H2SO4--->MSO4+H2O
n H2SO4=19,6/98=0,2(mol)
n MO=n H2SO4=0,2(mol)
M MO=16/0,2=80
M+18=80-->M=64(Cu)
Vậy M là Cu
\(a,n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.0,75+0,3.0,25=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddH_2SO_4}=300+300=600\left(ml\right)=0,6\left(l\right)\\ \rightarrow C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6}=0,5M\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddH_2SO_4}=600.1,02=612\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{29,4}{612}.100\%=4,8\%\)
\(b,\) Đặt kim loại M có hoá trị n (n ∈ N*)
PTHH: \(2M+nH_2SO_4\rightarrow M_2\left(SO_4\right)_n+nH_2\uparrow\)
\(\dfrac{0,6}{n}\)<---0,3--------------------------->0,3
\(\rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{5,4}{\dfrac{0,6}{n}}=9n\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)
Vì n là hoá trị của M nên ta xét bảng
| \(n\) | \(1\) | \(2\) | \(3\) |
| \(M_M\) | \(9\) | \(18\) | \(27\) |
| \(Loại\) | \(Loại\) | \(Al\) |
Vậy M là Al
\(c,n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{15,3125}{122,5}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2H_2O\)
0,3-->0,15
\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)
0,1<---------------------0,15
\(\rightarrow H=\dfrac{0,1}{0,125}.100\%=80\%\)
Câu 6:
Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{7,1}{142}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(P_2O_5+6KOH\rightarrow2K_3PO_4+3H_2O\)
____0,05____0,3_______0,1 (mol)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 7,1 + 100 = 107,1 (g)
\(C\%_{K_3PO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.212}{107,1}.100\%\approx19,8\%\)
\(m_{KOH}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{16,8}{100}.100\%=16,8\%\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!