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Đặt A = \(\left(1+\frac{2}{4}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{10}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{18}\right).....\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
Ta có : A = \(\left(1+\frac{2}{4}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{10}\right).\left(1+\frac{2}{18}\right).....\left(1+\frac{2}{n^2+3n}\right)\)
= \(\frac{6}{4}.\frac{12}{10}.\frac{20}{18}.....\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.2}{4}.\frac{3.4}{2.5}.\frac{4.5}{3.6}.....\frac{\left(n+1\right).\left(n+2\right)}{n.\left(n+3\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.2.3.4.4.5....n}{2.3.4.5.6.....\left(n+2\right)}\)
= \(\frac{3.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
Vậy A = \(\frac{3.\left(n+1\right)}{n+2}\)
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{2^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{3^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{4^2}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}\right)\left(\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}\right)\left(\frac{4^2-1}{4^2}\right)...\left(\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\right)\)
\(=\text{[}\frac{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}{2^2}\text{]}.\text{[}\frac{\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)}{3^2}\text{]}.\text{[}\frac{\left(4-1\right)\left(4+1\right)}{4^2}\text{]}...\text{[}\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n^2}\text{]}\)
\(=\left(\frac{1.3}{2^2}\right).\left(\frac{2.4}{3^2}\right).\left(\frac{3.5}{4^2}\right)...\text{[}\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}{n^2}\text{]}\)
\(=\frac{\text{[}1.2.3...\left(n-1\right)\text{]}.\text{[}3.4.5...\left(n+1\right)\text{]}}{\text{[}2.3.4...n\text{]}.\text{[}2.3.4...n\text{]}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{n}.\frac{n+1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{n+1}{2n}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.\left(2n-1\right)}+\frac{1}{3.\left(2n-3\right)}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2n-3\right).3}+\frac{1}{\left(2n-1\right).1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2n}\left[\frac{2n-1+1}{1\left(2n-1\right)}+\frac{2n-3+3}{3\left(2n-3\right)}+...+\frac{3+2n-3}{\left(2n-3\right).3}+\frac{1+2n-1}{\left(2n-1\right).1}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{2n}\left(1+\frac{1}{2n-1}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2n-3}+...+\frac{1}{2n-3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{2n-1}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{n}\left(1+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2n-3}+\frac{1}{2n-1}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{A}{B}=\frac{1}{n}\).
\(A=\left(\frac{1^2-2^2}{1^2}\right)\left(\frac{3^2-2^2}{3^2}\right)\left(\frac{5^2-2^2}{5^2}\right)...\left(\frac{\left(2n-1\right)^2-2^2}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-1\cdot3}{1^2}\cdot\frac{1\cdot5}{3^2}\cdot\frac{3\cdot7}{5^2}...\cdot\frac{\left(2n-3\right)\left(2n+1\right)}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{1}\cdot\frac{2n+1}{2n-1}=-\frac{2n+1}{2n-1}\)
Ta có:
\(A=\frac{3}{\left(1.2\right)^2}+\frac{5}{\left(2.3\right)^2}+\frac{7}{\left(3.4\right)^2}+...+\frac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(=\frac{3}{1^2.2^2}+\frac{5}{2^2.3^2}+\frac{7}{3^2.4^2}+...+\frac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{3}{1.4}+\frac{5}{4.9}+\frac{7}{9.16}+...+\frac{2n+1}{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{9}+...+\frac{2n+1}{n^2}-\frac{2n+1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=1-\frac{2n+1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Vậy \(A=\frac{2n+1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Câu 8 :
\(N=\left(\frac{x-1}{\left(x-1\right)^2+x}-\frac{2}{x-2}\right):\left(\frac{\left(x-1\right)^4+2}{\left(x-1\right)^3-1}-x+1\right)\)
Đặt \(x-1=a\)
\(N=\left(\frac{a}{a^2+x}-\frac{2}{a-1}\right):\left(\frac{a^4+2}{a^3-1}-a\right)\)
\(N=\frac{a\left(a-1\right)-2\left(a^2+x\right)}{\left(a^2+x\right)\left(a-1\right)}:\frac{a^4+2-a\left(a^3-1\right)}{a^3-1}\)
\(N=\frac{a^2-a-2a^2-2x}{\left(a^2+x\right)\left(a-1\right)}:\frac{a^4+2-a^4+a}{a^3-1}\)
\(N=\frac{-a^2-a-2x}{\left(a^2+x\right)\left(a-1\right)}\cdot\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{2+a}\)
\(N=\frac{-\left(a^2+a+2x\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}{\left(a^2+x\right)\left(2+a\right)}\)
\(N=\frac{-\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+x-1+2x\right]\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+x-1+1\right]}{\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+x\right]\left(2+x-1\right)}\)
\(N=\frac{-\left(x^2+x\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(N=\frac{-x\left(x+1\right)}{x+1}\)
\(N=-x\)( đpcm )
Câu 9 : Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức :
\(P=\frac{x^2}{x+4}\cdot\left(\frac{x^2+16}{x}+8\right)+9\)
Bài làm :
\(P=\frac{x^2}{x+4}\cdot\frac{x^2+8x+16}{x}+9\)
\(P=\frac{x^2\left(x+4\right)^2}{x\left(x+4\right)}+9\)
\(P=x\left(x+4\right)+9\)
\(P=x^2+4x+9\)
\(P=\left(x+2\right)^2+5\ge5\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)